济宁语法十三复合句考点一宾语从句时态(1)主句是现在时,从句根据实际情况使用相应时态(2)主句是过去时,从句使用过去时的某种形式(3)从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等,不管主句的时态是什么,从句都用一般现在时语序从句一律用陈述句语序连接词(1)that在从句中作宾语时,可以省略;作主语时,不能省略(2)what,when,where,how,whatever,whenever,wherever,who,whom,whose等特殊疑问词作连接词(3)当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,连接词用whether或if,表示“是否”IhearLiLeiwillleaveforAmerica.我听说李雷要去美国了。Hesaidhewasplayingbasketballthistimeyesterday.他说昨天这个时间他在打篮球。Ourteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.我们老师说地球围绕太阳转。Couldyoutellmeif/whetheritsnowsinwinterhere?你能告诉我这里冬天下雪吗?考点二状语从句类型从属连词时间状语从句when,while,before,after,until,since,assoonas条件状语从句if,unless,aslongas类型从属连词目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat让步状语从句though/although(不能与but连用),evenif,whatever,wherever,whenever原因状语从句because,since,as结果状语从句sothat,so...that...,such...that...比较状语从句than,as...as...,notas/so...as...地点状语从句where,whereverI’llcallyouupassoonasIarriveinBeijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。You’llbekeptoutofthepartyunlessyouhaveaninvitation.如果没有请柬,您是无法参加这个聚会的。Thenewcompanygaveawaylotsofadsinorderthatpeoplecangettoknowit.这家新公司散发了大量广告以便人们了解它。Thewholelibrarywasinsilence,althoughtherewerenearly500peoplereadinginit.尽管有将近500人在里面看书,整座图书馆却寂静无声。YaoMingplaysbasketballsowellthatmanyAmericanshavebecomehisfans.姚明打篮球非常棒,以至于很多美国人成了他的粉丝。HecanrunasfastasJimdoes.他能跑得和吉姆一样快。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。★若主句使用一般将来时,条件状语从句和时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。Thesportsmeetingwillbeputoffifitrainstomorrow.如果明天下雨,运动会将被推迟。考点三定语从句1.关系代词的基本用法Doyouknowthegirlwho/thathaswonfirstprizeinthesingingcompetition?你认识歌唱比赛中获得一等奖的女孩吗?Doyourememberthedaysthatwespenttogether?你记得我们一起度过的那些日子吗?(that指时间,在从句中作spent的宾语)2.关系副词的基本用法状语先行词关系副词及相应介词结构时间day,year,date,timewhen,during/in/...which地点theplace,thecity,Beijing...where,in/from...which状语先行词关系副词及相应介词结构原因thereasonwhy,forwhichIwon’tforgetthedayswhen/duringwhichyouareaway.我不会忘记你离开的那段日子。(when指时间,在从句中作时间状语)Haveyouvisitedthefactorywhere/inwhichyourfatherworked?你参观过你父亲工作过的那个工厂吗?(where指地点,在从句中作状语)Ivisitedthemuseumthat/whichyoutoldmeintheletter.我参观了你在信中告诉我的那个博物馆。(that/which指地点,在从句中作宾语)★下列情况先行词指物时,只能用that,不能用which:①先行词是all,little,much,none,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时。②先行词前有theonly,thevery等修饰时。③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过最好的书。④当先行词前面有all,only,any,no等修饰时。⑤当先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。