化解民族冲突的策略_民族接触与相互依存

2007151179~184AdvancesinPsychologicalScience179510006B849:C91[1][2]2006-03-20E-mail:[e-mail]·RobinWilliams20501[3]44ValleyCityHometownSouthport4Forbes.H.D[3]-180-2007N=N=1[4]20502Elmira,NY3%22%Bakersfield,CA8%41%3%39%Steubenville,OH10%41%Savannah,GA40%70%11%58%2HometownElmira,NY56%38%49%446251(261)(161)(422)ValleyCityBakersfieldCA64%3628%7257%43(140)(32)(172)Steelville(Steubenville,OH)82%55%63%184537(60)(135)(195)Southport(Savannah,GA)73%53%70%274730(175)(32)(207)151-181-212[5]50[1]ValleyCityHometown-182-2007[5]SherifM[6]in-groupinstrumentallyinterdependent(superordinategoals)[7]jigsawteachingtechnique65[8]50Treblinka151-183-[9]Jachy&LisaComforty,2001[10]-184-2007[11][1]PettigrewTF.Intergroupcontacttheory.AnnualReviewofPsychology,1998,49:65~85[2]BrewerMB,GaertnerSL.Towardreductionofprejudice:Intergroupcontactandsocialcategorization.In:ATesser,etal.(Eds.),Blackwellhanbookofsocialpsychology:Vol.3.Intergroupprocesses.Oxford:BasilBlackwell,2001.451~472[3]ForbesHD.Ethnicconflictandthecontacthypothesis.Thepsychologyofethnicandculturalconflict.AnimprintofGreenwoodPublishingGroup,Inc,2004.69~82[4]WillamesRM.Struangersnextdoor:EthnicrelationsinAmericancommunities.EnglewoodCliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1964[5]AllportGW.TheNatureofprejudice.Reading,MA:Addison-Wesley,1954[6]SherifM,Harveyetal.Intergroupconflictandcooperation.Norman,OK:UniversityofOklahomaBookExchange,1961[7]AronsonE,PatnoeS.Thejigsawclassroom.NewYork:Longman,1997[8]LevinJ,RabrenovicG.PreventingEthnicViolence:Theroleofinterdependence.Thepsychologyofethnicandculturalconflict.AnimprintofGreenwoodPublishingGroup,Inc,2004.257~269[9]TodorovT.Thefragilityofgoodness:WhyBulgaria’sJewssurvivedtheHolocaust.Princeton,NJ:PrincetonUniversityPress,1999[10]MillerN.Personalizationandthepromiseofcontacttheory.JournalofSocialIssues,2002,58(2):387~410[11]LevinJ,McDevittJ.Hatecrimesrevisited:America’swaronthosewhoaredifferent.Boulder,CO:WestviewPress,2002EthnicContactandInterdependenceLiuYi(SchoolofEducation,GuangzhouUniversity,Guangdong,Guangzhou,510405,China)Abstract:Howtoeliminateethnicprejudiceanddiscriminate,andtoreduceethnicconflict?Ontheonehand,Ethniccontacttheorysuggestthatthereanegativecorrelation,thatis,themorepersonalcontact,thelessconflict.Ontheotherhand,interdependenceperspectivepointupanargumentwiththeanalysisofhistoricalandpracticalexamplesthattheconflictintergroupviolencelesslikelytoeruptwhereinterdependencehasbecomeinstitutionalized.Keywords:EthnicContact,Interdependence,prejudiceandconflict.