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摘要聚氯乙烯是世界上最早实现工业化生产的塑料品种之一。由于其具有难燃、抗化学腐蚀、耐磨、电绝缘性优良和机械强度较高等优点，广泛应用于农业、石油化工、轻工、纺织、化学建材、电力、冶金、国防军工、建材、食品加工等国民经济各命脉部门，在国民经济发展中具有举足轻重的地位。本次设计对年产6万吨PVC精馏工段进行工艺设计。采用电石乙炔法制取氯乙烯。此法是以电石为原料，电石水解生产乙炔，氯碱生产中产生的氯气和氢气直接合成法合成氯化氢，由乙炔和氯化氢经净化后在转化器中合成粗氯乙烯单体，粗氯乙烯单体经精馏后得到精氯乙烯单体，精氯乙烯单体经悬浮聚合得到PVC。确定了生产方法之后对氯乙烯合成工段、精馏工段进行了物料衡算、热量衡算和设备选型计算。本文设计的电石乙炔法生产粗氯乙烯在工艺上可满足要求。关键词：PVC合成；粗氯乙烯精馏；物料衡算；热量衡算；设备选型AbstractPVCistheworld'sfirstindustrialproductionoftheplasticvarieties.Becauseithasdifficulttoburn,theanti-chemicaletching,wear-resisting,theelectricinsulationfineandthemechanicalstrengthhighermerit,Widelyappliesinnationaleconomyvariouslivesdepartmentsandsoonagriculture,petroleumchemicalindustry,lightindustry,spinningandweaving,chemistrybuildingmaterials,electricpower,metallurgy,nationaldefensewarindustry,buildingmaterials,foodprocessing,Hasthepivotalstatusinthenationaleconomydevelopment.Thedesignofanannualoutputof60,000tonsofPVCsectionfordistillationprocessdesign.Preparationoftheuseofcalciumcarbideacetyleneperchlorethylene.Thismethodisbasedoncalciumcarbideasrawmaterials,theproductionofcalciumcarbidehydrolysisacetylene,chlor-alkaliproductionofchlorineandhydrogenproducedbythedirectsynthesisofhydrogenchloridesynthesisfromacetyleneandhydrogenchloridebywaterinthecoarseconverterinthesynthesisofvinylchloridemonomer,vinylchloridesingleroughAfterthebodyhasbeenrefinedbythedistillationofvinylchloridemonomerandrefinedbythesuspensionpolymerizationofvinylchloridemonomertobePVC.Methodstodeterminetheproductionsectionofthesynthesisofvinylchloride,distillationsectiontothematerialbalance,heatbalancecalculationandselectionofequipment.Thisarticledesignsthecalciumcarbideacetylenelawproducesthethickvinylchloridetobepossibletosatisfytherequestinthecraft.Keyword:PVCsynthesis;vinylchlorideselectiveevaporation;Materialbalance目录引言...................................................................................................................................1第一章绪论...........................................................................................................31.1聚氯乙烯工业的发展概况.....................................................................................31.1.1聚氯乙烯工业...............................................................................................31.1.2国外聚氯乙烯工业的发展...........................................................................31.1.3中国的聚氯乙烯工业...................................................................................51.2聚氯乙烯工业在国民经济中的重要意义.............................................................51.3聚氯乙烯的分类.....................................................................................................61.4聚氯乙烯的性质.....................................................................................................61.4.1物理性质....................................................................................................61.4.2化学性质....................................................................................................61.5厂址的选择.............................................................................................................7第二章聚氯乙烯的生产过程.............................................................................................92.1氯乙烯的生产方法.................................................................................................92.1.1电石乙炔法....................................................................................................92.1.2联合法.........................................................................................................102.1.3乙烯法.........................................................................................................102.1.4确定生产方案.............................................................................................122.2氯乙烯单体的聚合...............................................................................................122.2.1悬浮聚合.....................................................................................................122.2.2本体聚合.....................................................................................................132.2.3乳液聚合.....................................................................................................132.2.4溶液聚合.....................................................................................................132.2.5聚合方法的确定.........................................................................................132.3氯乙烯单体的生产工艺.......................................................................................132.3.1氯乙烯生产条件的选择.............................................................................142.3.2氯乙烯制备的工艺流程.............................................................................16第三章物料衡算.........................................................................................................213.1需原料气的计算...................................................................................................213.1.1每小时需生产VC量：.................................................................