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河中考英语2019第三部分中考题型过关题型三阅读理解CONTENTS目录PART01考情帮PART02方法帮PART01考情帮命题点考情总结考情帮阅读理解有四篇语言材料,每篇设置5个小题,每小题2分,分值占试卷总分的1/3,比重较大。阅读理解着重考查考生理解各种题材和体裁的书面材料的能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力(包括图文转换能力等信息的获取和处理能力)。阅读理解具有以下特点:一、文章难度适中、循序渐进,小题设计梯度明显,深层理解题目对能力的要求较高,但总体符合学生的认知水平;二、语言地道,题材新颖,体裁多样,体现了语言是文化的载体,是社会文化的反映;三、具有知识性、文化性和教育性;四、文章内容积极向上,贴近学生生活。题型设置上前三篇为选择型阅读,近两年的中考题新调整之后A篇为应用文,B篇为记叙文,C篇为说明文;D篇为任务型阅读,2018年考查的形式是还原段落,2011—2017年考查的形式是还原句子。PART02方法帮方法帮类型1选择型阅读理解(1)细节理解题①关键词法有关基本信息的题目,答案几乎可以直接从原文中获得,找到关键词即可找到原文中含相关信息的句子。②查读法先看题目,带着问题读文章,从而快速寻找答案。在阅读时,标记出who(何人),what(何事),when(何时),where(何地),how(如何),why(为何)等常考的细节内容,以便解题时迅速、准确地查找。(2)推理判断题①理解文章内容不仅要弄懂字面意思,更要理解引申意义,通过作者所给的提示进行合理的推理和判断。②以原文为依据要在原文内容的基础上进行合理推测,不能掺杂个人观点。③排除法推理判断题通常有一定的难度,可以采用排除法,逐一排除错误选项,作出最终选择。方法帮(3)词义猜测题①利用上下文语境指定词的含义,往往在上下文中有体现,可借助上下文进行推测。②利用定义或解释性的线索有些生词之后有对该词进行解释、说明的短语或句子,利用它们可猜出词义。③利用文章的逻辑关系并列、对比、因果、转折等逻辑关系有助于理解指定词的含义,注意标志词but,or,however,so,because等。④利用构词法熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思,不仅可以扩大词汇量,而且可以帮助我们猜测词义。方法帮(4)主旨大意题主旨大意题考查学生对全文或某一段落的整体把握能力,考查方法有:归纳文章(或段落)大意,概括中心思想或选择文章标题等。做这类试题时,可遵循以下几种方法:①抓主题句很多文章都有主题句,抓住了主题句也就抓住了文章的中心。主题句通常在文章开头或结尾,因此要仔细阅读文章的首尾句。②抓高频词文章都是围绕一个主题展开的,因此文章中会反复出现一个中心词,即高频词,抓住了它,也就抓住了文章的中心。③注意绝对化用词选项中如果出现绝对化用词,可以直接排除该选项。④以偏概全不能选干扰项中往往出现文章中提到的某一点或某一部分,这类选项以偏概全,不能作为正确选项。方法帮【典例1】[2018河南中考,阅读C篇]Thespringseasonbringswarmweather,flowersandotherchangesforpeopletoenjoy.Forsomerestaurantcooks,themostexcitingspringarrivalisramps.RampsareawildplantintheeasternmountainsofNorthAmerica.Theyareoneofthefirstplantsthatgrowinthespring,usuallybetweenAprilandMay.Theyarerecognized(识别)bytheirredstem(茎),andtwolongandwidegreenleaves.Theyarealsofamousfortheirstrongtaste,similartoonions(洋葱).Rampsarenotaswell-knownasothervegetables,buttheyhavealonghistoryintheUnitedStates.IntheAppalachianMountains,rampshavebeenanimportantfoodforalongtime.Duringspring,itiscommonforsmalltownsintheAppalachianareatoholdlargerampdinnersforthecommunity.However,overthelast30years,ramps'popularityhasgrownquickly.Theyarenowahighly-desiredvegetableformanynicerestaurantsincitieslikeNewYorkandWashingtonD.C.方法帮Onereasontheplantispopularisthatitgrowsinthewild.Itisdifficulttogrowthemonfarms.Mostrestaurantsgetthemfromforagers,whocollectrampsbysearchingforestsforsomesmallpiecesoflandwheretheygrow.Rampshaveashortseason.Withinafewweeksoffullgrowth,theplantisdonefortheyear.Thisshortlifeissomereasonfortheirpopularity.AndthatpopularitycouldleadtotheirdisappearancefromEarth.In1995,thelocalgovernmentinQuebec,Canada,stoppedpeoplesellingtheplanttobusinessesinordertoprotecttheplantagainstbeingover-dug.Theseasonisshort,butithasnotendedyet.Ifyouareintherightplace,youstillhavetimetotryatasteoframpsyourself.方法帮根据材料内容选择最佳答案。56.WhyarerampssopopularinNorthAmerica?A.Becausetheygrowinspring.B.Becausetheyhaveagoodtaste.C.Becausetheyarehardtoget.D.Becausetheyhavealonghistory.57.Whichofthefollowingisthepictureofaramp?方法帮58.Whatdoesthewordtheyreferto(指的是)?A.foragersB.rampsC.customersD.restaurants59.Whywerepeoplestoppedfromsellingrampstobusinesses?A.Becauserampswereingreatdanger.B.Becauseramps'smellpollutedtheair.C.Becauseitcosttoomuchtogrowramps.D.Becausethegovernmentwantedtomakemoney.60.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.AmericansgocrazyforrampsinthespringB.AmericanshavediscoveredanewvegetableC.RampswereoncepopularinNorthAmericaD.Rampswillsoonbeenjoyedallovertheworld方法帮【短文大意】本文是关于北美野韭(ramps)的介绍。它是生长在北美东部山区的一种野生植物。本文介绍了它的特征、味道以及受欢迎的原因等方面的内容。56.C【解析】考查细节理解。根据第五段中的Onereasontheplantispopularisthatitgrowsinthewild.Itisdifficulttogrowthemonfarms可知答案为C。57.D【解析】考查细节理解及学生的图文转换能力。根据第二段中的Theyarerecognized(识别)bytheirredstem(茎),andtwolongandwidegreenleaves可知,对应的图片是D。58.B【解析】考查学生的推理判断能力。结合上下文可知,此处they指代的是ramps。59.A【解析】考查学生的推理判断能力。根据第六段中的AndthatpopularitycouldleadtotheirdisappearancefromEarth以及...stoppedpeoplesellingtheplanttobusinessesinordertoprotecttheplantagainstbeingover-dug可推断,不让人们再售卖这种植物是因为它濒临灭绝了。故答案为A。60.A【解析】本题属于标题归纳题,考查学生对材料信息的归纳总结能力。通读全文可知,本文介绍了一种名叫北美野韭的植物,它在春天生长,美国人很喜欢吃这种植物,故A项最适合作本文的标题。方法帮【典例2】[2017河南中考,阅读B篇]NotonlykidsofTigerMomsgotoHarvard.DawnLogginsofLawndale,N.C.,isonherwaytoHarvard,oneoftheeightworld-famousuniversitiesintheeasternUS.Nobodyencouragedhertostudyorpaidforherspecialclasses.Thisgirlcreatedherownfuture.Theteenwasabandonedbyherfamilylastsummer,whenherparentsandtwosistersmovedtoTennessee.Shefoundherselfhomelessandhadtospendthenightonfriends'sofas.TheschoolbusdriverlearnedaboutDawn'ssituationandinvitedDawntomoveinwithherfamily.Soon,DawnhadajobatBurnsHighSchool.Sheworkedfrom6a.m.to7:40a.m.beforethefirstschoolbellrang.Shesweptfloorsandpickeduptrashagainintheafternoons,beforedivinginto(全心投入)herstudiesintheevenings.方法帮Dawn'shardworkpaidoff.Shefinishedschoolwitha3.9GPAandscored2,110ontheSAT.ThereweretimeswhenIfeltlikeitwouldbeeasiestifIgaveup,the18-year-oldsaid.Butitwasneverinmetogiveup,becauseIrealizedthatIwasnevergoingtobesuccessfulunlessIgotaneducation.EvenbeforeDawn'sfamilylefther,sheledadifficultlife.Herfamilywaspoorandcupsofnoodleswereoftentheonlyfood.Dawnstudiedbycandlelightbecauseherparentscouldn'taffordtopaytheelectricitybill(电费).Dawnhasnowreconne