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第21课时九年级Units13～14考点一cutdown的用法【课文原句】Well,tocutdownairpollution,weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdriving.为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。(九P98)(1)cutdown意为“减少”，是“动词＋副词”结构的短语，所接的宾语若为名词，宾语可位于down的前面或后面；若为代词，只能位于down的前面。You'dbettercutthearticledowntoabout2，000words.你最好把这篇文章缩减到2000字左右。(2)cutdown还可表示“砍倒”。Theycutdownthebigtree.他们砍倒了这棵大树。(3)含有cut的短语：cutoff切断；切除cutinto把……切成……cutup切碎cutin插队；插嘴1．(2018·江苏扬州江都模拟)Itisimpoliteforchildrentowhentheirparentsaretalkingwithothers.A．cutdownB．cutoutC．cutinD．cutshort2．(2016·山东青岛中考)Ourcountryistakingactiontoairpollution.A．cutdownB．cutupC．cutoutD．cutoff考点二表示“花费”含义的单词辨析【课文原句】It'sgoodforhealthanditdoesn'tcostanything！它对健康有益而且不花钱！(九P98)【辨析】cost,spend,take与pay3．(2017·山东济宁中考)Thatonemistakealmosthimhislife.A．tookB．paidC．costD．spent考点三beharmfulto的用法【课文原句】Thisisnotonlycruel,butalsoharmfultotheenvironment.这种做法不仅残忍，而且对环境有害。(九P99)beharmfulto意为“对……有害”，相当于doharmto或bebadfor。Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.＝Smokingdoesharmtoourhealth.＝Smokingisbadforourhealth.吸烟对我们的健康有害。4．(2018·福建泉州质检改编)—Thefarmchemicalsremainedonthevegetableandfruitaretoourhealth.—Yes.Theymaycauselotsofdiseases.A．importantB．harmfulC．necessaryD．healthy考点四dosomethingtodosth.【课文原句】Sharksmaydisappearonedayifwedonotdosomethingtostopthesaleofsharkfins.如果我们不采取行动阻止鲨鱼翅的销售，总有一天鲨鱼会消失的。(九P99)dosomethingtodosth.意为“采取措施去做某事”，相当于takeactiontodosth.“采取行动去做某事”。Peopleshouldtakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.人们应该采取行动来保护环境。考点五afford的用法【课文原句】Yes,wecan'taffordtowaitanylongertotakeaction！是的，我们不能再等了，必须采取行动！(九P100)afford意为“承担得起(后果)；买得起”。常与can,could,beableto等连用，多用于否定句和疑问句中。Itistooexpensive,andIcan'taffordit.它太贵了，我买不起。Wecan'taffordtogoabroadthissummer.今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外。5．(2018·天津中考)Iamafraidwecannottotakeataxi.Let'sgobyundergroundinstead.A．refuseB．affordC．forgetD．fall考点六pay的用法【课文原句】Ithinkit'sagreatideathatyounowhavetopayforplasticbagsinsomestores.我认为现在有些商店塑料袋需要购买这个想法很好。(九P100)(1)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱(给某人)买……Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。(2)payforsth.付……的钱Ihavetopayforthebook.我不得不付钱买这本书。(3)payforsb.替某人付钱Don'tworry!I'llpayforyou.别担心，我会给你付钱的。(4)paysb.付钱给某人Theypayuseverymonth.他们每月给我们报酬。6．(2015·河北中考)Thisfoodisfree.Youdon'thavetoit.A．lookforB．payforC．askforD．waitfor考点七throw的用法【课文原句】Doyouoftenthrowawaythingsyoudon'tneedanymore？你经常把你不再需要的东西扔掉吗？(九P102)throw“扔；抛”，其过去式和过去分词分别为threw和thrown;throwaway意为“扔掉；抛弃”。Youshouldn'tthrowawayyouroldclothes.你不应该把旧衣服扔掉。7．(2017·福建中考改编)—Don'tthewastepaper.Wecancollectandrecycleit.—You'reright.Everyoneshouldbeagreenerperson.A．blowawayB．putawayC．throwawayD．giveaway考点八lookback的用法【课文原句】Lookingbackatthesepastthreeyears回望过去的三年(九P107)(1)lookback(at/onsth.)意为“回首(往事)；回忆；回顾”。Wecanlearnsomethingwheneverwelookback.每当回首往事，我们都能学到东西。WhenIlookbackatthosedays,IrealizeIwasveryhappy.当我回想起那些日子，我意识到那时我非常快乐。(2)look的其他常见短语lookfor寻找lookat看lookup向上看；查找lookafter照顾lookthrough浏览8．(2017·湖北黄冈中考)—thesepastthreeyears,whichteacherswillyoumissmost?—Mr.Jiang.He'shelpedmealot.A．LookingbackatB．LookingforC．LookingthroughD．Lookingafter9．(2017·山东潍坊中考)—WhydoyouLiuHulan?—Becausesheisagreathero.A．looklikeB．lookdownC．lookoverD．lookupto考点九It'stimetodosth.句型【课文原句】Andnowit'stimetograduate现在到毕业的时候了(九P107)◆It'stime＋(forsb.)todosth.表示“该(是某人)做某事的时候了”。Tom,it'stimetogetup.汤姆，该起床了。◆It'stimefor＋n.(v.ing)意为“该做某事了，到了做某事的时间了”，相当于“It'stimetodosth.”。Bequiet,everyone.It'stimeforclass.大家安静，该上课了。【拓展】与time相关的句型还有It's＋the＋序数词＋time＋todosth.表示“某人第几次做某事”，可以与It's＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句互相转换。It'sthefirsttimeformetovisitDisneyland.Ifeelsoexcited.＝It'sthefirsttimethatIvisitDisneyland.Ifeelsoexcited.这是我第一次参观迪士尼乐园。我感到很兴奋。10．(2017·黑龙江龙东中考改编)It'stimeformegoodbyetomymotherschool.Iwillneverforgetalllove.A．tosay;teachers'B．saying;teachers'C．tosay;teacher'sD．saying;teacher's考点十firstofall/congratulate的用法【课文原句】Firstofall,I'dliketocongratulateallthestudentswhoareheretoday.首先，我想祝贺今天所有在座的同学们。(九P110)(1)firstofall意为“首先”，常放在句首表示次序，后面往往接next,then等，其反义词组为atlast,intheend。Firstofall,letmeintroducemyselftoyou.首先，让我向你做一下自我介绍。(2)congratulate①意为“祝贺”，通常用于“congratulatesb.onsth.”，表示“为某事而祝贺某人”。Shecongratulatedmewarmlyonmygoodexamresults.她热情地祝贺我考试取得了好成绩。②congratulation是congratulate的名词形式，其复数形式常单独使用。—I'vegotthefirstprize.我得了一等奖。—Congratulations！祝贺！考点十一thirsty的用法【课文原句】Youwereallsofullofenergyandthirstyforknowledge.你们朝气蓬勃，渴求知识。(九P110)thirsty“渴望的；口渴的”；bethirstyfor意为“渴望；渴求”，后跟名词或动词ing形式作宾语。Wearethirstyforsuccess.我们渴望成功。11．(2015·山东淄博中考)Afterthefootballmatch,theplayerswereveryandtired.A．coolB．fullC．livelyD．thirsty12．(2019·原创)Thechildrenincountrysidearereallythirstyknowledge.A．forB．toC．atD．of考点十二setout的用法【课文原句】Asyousetoutonyournewjourney,youshouldn'tforgetwhereyoucamefrom.在你们踏上新征程时，不要忘记你们来自哪里。(九P110)(1)setout意为“出发；启程”，其后常跟“for＋地点”，表示出发去某地。Thearmyareabouttosetout.部队就要出发了。LinglingandIwillsetoutforHangzhou.玲玲和我将启程去杭州。(2)setoutonsth.意为“开始进行新的或重要的事情”。Whenwesetoutonthisproject,weknewitwouldbedifficult.我们开始着手这个项目时就知道它很难。(3)setouttodosth.意为“着手做某事”，相当于“setaboutdoingsth.”。Atfiveinthemorning,hesetouttodohiswork.清晨五点他就开始工作。Assoonasshegothome,shesetaboutpreparinglunch.她一到家就开始准备午饭。13．(2018·湖北随州中考)Asweonournewjourney,weshouldn'tforgetwh