专题五形容词和副词2019全新版•分析广东近6年中考真题可知,形容词和副词是每年的必考点之一(6~8.5分)。其命题规律为:•必考点:形容词和副词的比较等级(6年6考;题型:单项填空)•形容词和副词的词义辨析(6年6考;题型:单项填空、完形填空)•高频考点:形容词的用法(6年4考;题型:短文填空)•副词的用法(6年6考;题型:短文填空)目录CONTENTS考点精讲易错盘点解题技巧试题精练•1.作定语:常放在名词之前。如:•Ihaveaninterestingbook.我有一本有趣的书。•2.作表语:常跟在系动词之后。系动词主要有:be动词;一好像(seem);二保持(keep,remain);三变化(turn,become,get);五感官(feel,sound,look,smell,taste)。如:•①Leavesturnyellowinautumn.秋天树叶变黄。•②Youlookveryhappy.你看上去很开心。考点精讲考点形容词的用法(6年4考)•3.作宾补:跟在宾语之后,常用于“keep,make,leave,find,feel,think等动词+宾语+形容词”结构中。如:Weshouldkeeptheclassroomcleaneveryday.我们应该每天保持教室干净。•4.形容词的其他用法•(1)-ed形容词一般用来形容“人的感受”,表示“感到……的”,主语一般是人;-ing形容词一般用来形容“物体本身具有的性质”,表示“令人感到……的”,主语常常是物或事。如:•Afterhearingtheexcitingnews,Ifeltveryexcited.听到这个令人激动的消息之后,我感到非常激动。•(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词(something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,somewhere,everywhere,anywhere等)时,要放在不定代词的后面。如:•Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情要告诉你。•(3)大多数形容词既可以作定语,又可以作表语,但是awake,afraid,ill,well,worth,ready,sorry,sure等只能作表语。如:Iamafraidofthesnake.我怕蛇。•(4)enough作形容词时,常位于名词之前;作副词时,位于被修饰词之后。如:enoughwater足够的水;fastenough足够快。•()1.(2011广东)—HaveyoueverseenthemoviecalledLosAngeles2011?•—Yes,butIthinkit's______.IfellasleepwhenIsawit.•A.excitingB.boring•C.boredD.excited•()2.Themanagersounded______onthephone.Heofferedtoshowusaroundthecompany.•A.lonelyB.friendly•C.proudD.seriousBB•1.副词的用法•副词一般充当状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词,还可修饰句子,一般放在行为动词后面,表程度或频率的副词一般放在动词前。如:•①It'srainingheavilynow.Itoftenrainsinmyhometown.现在雨下得很大。我的家乡经常下雨。•②Idon'tlikeeatingjunkfood,either.我也不喜欢吃垃圾食品。考点副词的用法(6年5考)•2.副词的分类•(1)时间副词:ago,today,now,then,once,before,already,just,yet,soon等。•(2)频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,never,seldom等。•(3)地点副词:here,there,everywhere,out,home,back等。•(4)程度副词:much,very,quite,too,nearly,hard,so,almost,enough,still,only等。•(5)方式副词:quickly,slowly,carefully,loudly,badly,safely等。•(6)疑问副词:when,where,how,why等。•3.形容词变副词的规则规则例词一般情况下在形容词词尾加-lysad—sadly,quiet—quietly,careful—carefully以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i再加-lylucky—luckily,happy—happily,noisy—noisily以“辅音字母+le”结尾的,去掉e再加-yterrible—terribly,simple—simply,gentle—gently其他变化true—truly,full—fully•易错提醒1.形容词与副词同形的有:fast,early,hard,high,straight等。•2.lovely,friendly,lonely,ugly等词是形容词,不是副词。•()3.(2017广东)Wecancollectrainwaterwhenitrains______,anduseittowaterplants.•A.softlyB.heavily•C.noisilyD.quietly•()4.(2016广东)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,______threefifthsofworkingmothersinChinadon'twanttohaveasecondchild.•A.mostlyB.especially•C.partlyD.nearlyBD•()5.(2014广东)Takecarewhenyouaredriving,______inasummerstormlikethis.•A.immediatelyB.especially•C.probablyD.recently•()6.(2012广东)—Didyougotothecinematosee3DTitaniclastnight?•—No,I______gotothecinema.Theticketsaretooexpensive.•A.hardlyB.nearly•C.stillD.onlyBA•()7.(2018佛山市南海区模拟)—Drivingtoworkusedtobepopular.•—Thatwastrue.But______,moreandmorepeoplegotoworkbybiketoavoidtrafficjams.•A.hardlyB.especially•C.widelyD.lately•()8.(2018梅州市模拟)Englishis______spokenintheworld.Soitisveryimportanttolearnitwell.•A.wiselyB.badly•C.nearlyD.widelyDD•()9.—Mom,IthinkI'm______togetbacktoschool.•—Notreally,mydear.You'dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.•A.enoughgoodB.enoughwell•C.wellenoughD.goodenoughC•()10.—Doyoulikeseeingamovieonyourmobilephone?•—No.I______dothatbecauseitmakesmeuncomfortable.•A.seldomB.often•C.usuallyD.sometimesA•1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成•(1)规则变化(副词与形容词的变化规则相同)考点形容词和副词的比较等级(6年6考)情况分类变化规则例词一般情况直接在词尾加-er,-esttall—taller—tallest;small—smaller—smallest以不发音的字母e结尾的词直接在词尾加-r,-stnice—nicer—nicest;large—larger—largest情况分类变化规则例词以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er,-estdry—drier—driest;early—earlier—earliest以“元音字母+辅音字母”结尾,且辅音为重读闭音节词双写辅音字母,再加-er,-estthin—thinner—thinnest;big—bigger—biggest大多数多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more,mostdelicious—moredelicious—mostdelicious•(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good(好的)/well(健康的)betterbestbad/badly(坏的/坏地)/ill(有病的)worseworstlittle(少的;小的)lessleastmuch/many(多的)moremostfar(远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest•巧学妙记比较级要变化,一般词尾加-er;词尾若有哑音e,直接加-r就可以;一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写;辅音字母若加y,要把y变成i;最高级加-est,前面加the莫忘记;形容词若是多音节,more,most要前写。•2.形容词、副词原级的用法•(1)A=B:as+adj./adv.原级+as。如:Theweatherisashotasitwasyesterday.今天和昨天一样热。•(2)A≠B:notso/as+adj./adv.原级+as。即:A不如B……。如:Tomdoesn'trunso/asfastasSam.汤姆没有萨姆跑得快。•3.形容词、副词比较级的用法•(1)A...+比较级(含more+多音节形容词或副词原级)+than+B表示“A比B更……”。注意:比较级前可用much,even,alittle,far,alot,abit,still等词修饰,以加强语气。如:•TomdidhishomeworkmuchmorecarefullythanKate.汤姆做作业比凯特认真得多。•(2)A...+less+多音节形容词或副词原级+than+B表示“A不及B……”。如:•Thefilmislessinterestingthanthebook.这部电影不及这本书有趣。•(3)比较级+and+比较级/moreandmore+多音节形容词或副词原级表示“越来越……”。如:•Thatgirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.那个女孩儿变得越来越漂亮。•(4)the+比较级,the+比较级表示“越……,越……”。如:•Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越细心,你犯的错误就越少。•(5)Which/Whois+比较级,AorB?表示“哪一个更……”,主要是在两者之间进行比较。如:•Whichisnearertothesun,themoonortheearth?月亮和地球,哪个离太阳更近一些?•(6)A...the+比较级+ofthetwo...表示“两者中较……的”。如:•Heisthethinnerofthetwo.两个人当中,他更瘦一些。•(7)倍数的表达•①A...+倍数+比较级+thanB•如:Thisroomisfivetimesbiggerthanthatone.这间房比那间大五倍。•②A...+倍数+as+原级+as+B•如:Thisroomisfivetimesasbigasthatone.这间房是那间的五倍大。•4.形容词、副词最高级的用法•(1)“主语+谓语+the+最高级+(单数名词)+in/of短语”表示“在……(三者或三者以上)中……是最……的”。如:Thispictureisthebestofall.这幅画是所