后冷战初期影响印度战略变化的外部因素

20004[];;;[]D83P870[]A[]100421508(2000)0420045208,,,,,,,;,;,,,,1991,,,,,,197912,,,,,,,1988,54,,,,,,,,,,,,19931994,1971:,,1974,,80,1989,,(),,8090,(),,,1995,,,,,,199019908,,,,,64,,20,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,60,,74,,,,,1984,,,,,90,,,,,,,,,(CTBT)(FMC)(NPT),,,1992,,19951,,,(MTCR),,,,,301301;,,;1996,,,,,,84,,,,,lv,,,1998,lw,,:,,,,,1962,8019931996,(),,,,,,,lx1998,,,:60,;,,,;,,,,,,,,ly,,;,,94,,,,lz,,;;,,,,:,,,,,,,l{,,,,,19995,l|,70,80()197941979,,,,,,,1988:,l}9090,,,,,,05,,,,,,,,,,:,:,,1971,,,l~,,,,:,;;,mu,,,,,,,,,,,,,mv,,90,15,,,,,,,mw,,,,,,,,,,,,mxlwS1::,(,1995),565,,,A1P1:,,19921,23P1:,(,1997),7678121K1:,247(2000),1824S1:,(,1993),4647lylzl~G1K1::,(,1996),1195253126127131D1::19411991,(,1993),105107K1::,M1():,(,1998),179lvJ1N1:,,17(1996),929942lxN1:,20006231824,l{S1::1947,(,1994),1823l|K1():,(,1993),3741l}H1:,(,1993),5960muR1C1:,(,1994),2124mvP1N1::,(,1994),37mwK1K1:,19944,1516mxV1R1:,(,1995),323625ATRIALDISCUSSIONONROLEOFMILITARYRULEINPOLITICALLIFEOFPAKISTANLuoZudongLongperiodofmilitaryruleisamajorcharacteristicsofPakistanpspoliticallifesinceherindepen2dence.Thisarticlediscussestheactiveroleofmilitaryruleinrestorationoflawandorder,stabilizationofpoliticalsituation,recoveryandpromotionofeconomy,crackingdownoncorruptionandsystematicreforminPakistanpsspecialhistoricalandsocialconditionwhilepointingoutthelimitationsoftoolongperiodofmilitaryrulesuchasitsillegalityofstayinginpowertoolongwithoutconstitutionalmandate,givingbirthtoanothertypeofcorruptionandincapabilitytotacklevariousinternalandexternalissues.POLITICALSITUATIONOFINDIAUNDERTHERULEOFTHEGOVERNMENTOFTHENATIONALDEMOCRATICALLIANCEQiuYonghuiSignificantachievementshavebeenmadebytheGovernmentoftheNationalDemocraticAlliancewithBJPasthecoreinthelastyearsinceitcametopower.However,partizanstrugglesandcommunalconflictsarestilladverselyaffectingpoliticalstabilityandeconomicreformofIndia.EXTERNALFACTORSAFFECTINGADJUSTMENTOFINDIANSTRATEGYINTHEINITIALPERIODOFPOSTCOLDWARERAZhangLiChangeofinternationalenvironmentafterendofcoldwarerahashadastronglashagainstIndia.ThisarticlediscussestheadjustmentofdiplomaticandnationaldefenceslrategybytheIndiangovernmentagainstthebackgroundofdisintegrationoftheSovietUnion,theGulfWarandChangeofrelationsbe2tweenChina,India,PakistanandtheUnitedStates.CULTURALFACTORSINMODERNSINO2INDIANRELATIONSOuDongmingAccordingtothisarticle,boththeChineseandIndiancivilizationsarethatoforientalcultureandthereexistscloseanddeeprootedaffinitybetweenthem,thathaspromotedandisstillpromotinglong2pe2riodmutualbeneficialculturalexchange.