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语法专题（六）连词【中考考点】(1)并列连词and,but,so,or等的主要用法。(2)常见从属连词的基本用法。考点一并列连词分类连词词义例句表示并列and和;同;与Theboyoftensingsanddances.Both…and………和……都BothJohnandBobareright.notonly…butalso…不但……而且……Notonlyyoubutalsoshelikesskating.Neither…nor…既不……也不……NeitherInorLindahasbeenthere.aswellas而且,还,又TomaswellasIalwayswalkstoschool.表示选择or或者;否则Workhard,oryou'llfallbehind.Either…or…或者……或者……EitherheorIamgoingshopping.表示转折but但是,可是She'squiet,butshe'sactiveinclass.表示因果for因为Ihavetostayuplate,forIhavelotsofworktodo.so所以Hewasbadlyillyesterday,sohedidn'tshowup.【拓展】(1)notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…和either…or…连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。Notonlyhebutalsohisparentsarelisteningtothesong.不仅他而且他的父母都在听这首歌。NeitheryounorIamseriousenough.你和我都不够严肃。(2)both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。BothBillandJohnruneverymorning.比尔和约翰每天晨跑。(3)aswellas连接两个主语时,谓语动词与aswellas前面的主语保持人称和数的一致。JohnaswellashisparentsiswatchingTV.约翰和他的父母在看电视。(4)“祈使句+or+结果句”相当于“Ifyoudon't…,you'll…”,其中,or意为“否则”。Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.快点儿,否则你会迟到。(5)but意为“但是”,表示转折关系,不能与though或although连用。有类似用法的还有so不能与because,since,as连用。Hetriedtocatchupwithothers,buthefailed.他试图赶上别人,但失败了。Hegotuplate,sohedidn'tcatchtheearlybus.因为他起床晚了,所以没有赶上早班车。考点二从属连词1.表时间。常见词(组)有when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,not…until…,assoonas。I'llgotothecinemaafterIfinishthehomework.做完作业后,我将去看电影。Ihaven'theardfromTomsinceMay.自从五月份以来,我还没有收到汤姆的信。2.表原因。常见词有because,since,as。Janeworearaincoatbecauseitwasraining.因为正在下雨,所以简穿着雨衣。Wehadbetterhurryasit'sgettingdark.因为天快黑了,我们最好快点。3.表条件。常见词有if,unless。I'llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifIamfreetomorrow.如果明天我有空,我会帮你学英语。Youwillbelateunlessyouleaveimmediately.除非你立即走,否则你会迟到。4.表结果。常见词组有so…that,such…that。Hespokeforsuchalongtimethatpeoplebegantofeelsleepy.他讲了那么长时间,以至于人们开始打起瞌睡来。5.表让步。常见词(组)有though,eventhough/if,although,“nomatter+疑问词”。Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,hisworksarenotwidelyread.虽然他被看作是一位伟大的作家,但是他的作品并未被广泛地阅读。6.表目的。常见词(组)有so,sothat,inorderthat。Shewentdowntownsothatshecouldbuysomeclothes.为了买些衣服,她去了市中心。7.表方式。常见词(组)有asif,asthough,as。Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.他表现得若无其事。8.表地点。常见词有where,wherever。Sitwhereveryoulike.请随便坐。9.表比较。常见词(组)有than,(not)as…as。I'molderthanher.我比她年龄大。【注意】if意为“如果”时,引导条件状语从句;if意为“是否”时,引导宾语从句。They'llgohomeassoonaspossibleiftheirworkisfinished.如果他们完成了工作,他们将会尽快回家。Iwonderifhecanmakesoup.我想知道他是否会做汤。【辨析】so…that…与such…that…这两种结构都表示“如此……以至于……”,其区别如下:so+adj./adv.+that从句=such+名词(短语)+that从句。Thegirlwassokindthatwealllikedher.=Shewassuchakindgirlthatwealllikedher.这个女孩如此善良,以至于我们大家都喜欢她。中考真题演练1.[2018·北京]Manypeoplelikepandastheyarecute.A.thoughB.ifC.whileD.because2.[2018·柳州改编]—Whichcoatdoyoulikebetter,theredonetheblueone?—Theblueone.A.butB.andC.orD.so[答案]1.D2.C[解析]考查连词辨析。or作为连词可引导选择疑问句。故选C。中考真题演练3.[2018·兰州]Insummer,foodwillgobadquicklyweputitintoafridge.A.ifB.unlessC.assoonasD.while4.[2018·广西]WuLanisstillyoung,shecanhelphermotherdosomehouseworkonweekends.A.SoB.UntilC.ThoughD.Unless[答案]3.B[解析]考查连词辨析。根据句意“在夏天,食物很快就会变质我们把它放进冰箱里。”可知,后半句含有转折之意,要表达的是“除非把它(食物)放进冰箱里”。故选B。4.C中考真题演练5.[2018·辽宁]—Thepollutionintheseaisterrible!—Ibelievetheseawillbecleanerwetakeactionnow.A.ifB.thoughC.unlessD.until[答案]A[解析]考查连词辨析。though虽然,引导让步状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句;是否,引导宾语从句;unless除非;如果不,引导条件状语从句;until到……为止,引导时间状语从句。根据句意可知此处表条件,可排除B、D项;后一分句是前一分句的条件且表示顺承关系,可排除C项。故选A。中考真题演练6.[2018·盘锦]—Iamterriblysorry,Ican'tgoshoppingwithyouthisafternoon.—It'sOK.Wecangonexttime.A.soB.butC.andD.or[答案]B[解析]考查连词辨析。句型I'msorry,but…用以委婉地拒绝。故选B。中考真题演练7.[2018·沈阳]Mygrandparentswroteletterstokeepintouchwithotherstheywereyoung.A.whenB.sinceC.afterD.before8.[2018·云南]Wedon'tknowtheloveofourparentswebecomeparentsourselvesoneday.A.sinceB.afterC.whenD.until9.[2018·广西]Hurryup,you'llmisstheearlybus.A.butB.andC.soD.orADD中考真题演练10.[2018·贵阳改编]Thedoctorlookstiredandsleepyhestayeduplatetolookafterhispatientsyesterday.A.becauseB.ifC.unlessD.so[答案]A[解析]考查连词辨析。根据上下文可知,stayeduplate“熬夜”是又困又累的原因,用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。中考真题演练11.[2018·昆明]Ihavelosteverythinginthisterribleearthquake,Ihavenotlostmylife.A.BecauseB.SoC.AlthoughD.If12.[2018·哈尔滨改编]—Whatwereyouandyourfatherdoingat7:00yesterdayevening?—Iwasdoingmyhomeworkmyfatherwasreadingnewspapers.A.whenB.assoonasC.whileD.like13.[2018·绥化改编]Workhard,you'llcatchupwithyourclassmatesnexttime.A.andB.orC.butD.so14.[2018·青海改编]—Jack,haveyoudonethesurvey?—Notyet.IaminNewYorknow.I'llfinishitIcomeback.A.wheneverB.assoonasC.beforeD.whileCCAB中考真题演练15.[2018·青海改编]Thebeachwasheavilypolluted;hehiswifeenjoyedtheholiday.A.neither;norB.both;andC.either;orD.notonly;butalso[答案]A[解析]考查连词辨析。neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”;both…and…意为“……和……两者都”;either…or…意为“或者……或者……”;notonly…butalso…意为“不仅……而且……”。根据“Thebeachwasheavilypolluted”可知,他和他的妻子两人都不喜欢在污染严重的沙滩度假。故选A。