2021高考英语一轮复习 语法 第二讲 非谓语动词课件 新人教版

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[高考感悟]A组单句语法填空1.[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Scientistshaverespondedby________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.答案与解析:noting考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时,应用其动名词形式。respondbydoingsth.“通过做某事回应”。2.[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]Whenwegotacall________(say)shewasshort­listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.答案与解析:saying考查非谓语动词。say与前面的acall之间是逻辑主动关系,故填saying,现在分词短语saying...作后置定语,修饰acall。3.[2019·北京卷]Nervously________(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.答案与解析:facing考查非谓语动词。主语I与face之间为逻辑主动关系,故用现在分词形式在句中作状语。4.[2019·北京卷]EarthDay,________(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.答案与解析:marked考查非谓语动词。本句是主系表结构,由连系动词is可知空格处填非谓语动词形式。mark在这里是“庆祝,纪念(重要事件)”之意,是及物动词,EarthDay与之是逻辑被动关系,此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被庆祝”,故用过去分词短语作定语。句意:地球日在4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度事件。5.[2019·天津卷]________(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.答案与解析:Learning考查非谓语动词。句意:学会批判性地思考,这是现在的孩子为了未来(的发展)所需要具备的一项重要技能。动词­ing形式作主语。6.[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong________(see)thebenefit.答案与解析:tosee考查非谓语动词。tosee为非谓语动词作目的状语。句意为:你不必跑得很快或很长时间就能看到好处。7.[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________(improve)waterquality.答案与解析:toimprove考查非谓语动词。toimprove为非谓语动词作目的状语。句意为:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻。8.[2018·浙江卷6月]Istillremember________(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.答案与解析:visiting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,remember作谓语且空处不作并列谓语,故应填非谓语动词。此处考查rememberdoingsth.表示“记得做过某事”,故填visiting。9.[2018·天津卷,12]Ididn'tmean________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelptryingit.答案与解析:toeat句意为:我当时什么都不想吃,但是那款冰激凌看上去太诱人了以至于我禁不住品尝了它。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。meantodosth.打算做某事;meandoingsth.意味着做某事。此处表示打算做某事,mean后须加不定式作宾语。10.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.答案与解析:laying考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为This,谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语,故填laying。B组单句改错1.[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.________答案与解析:say→saying分析句子结构可知,cheered是谓语动词,say前没有并列连词and等,所以say只能用非谓语动词形式;主语与say之间是逻辑主动关系,故用现在分词短语作状语。2.[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]I'vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.________答案与解析:opens→opento是不定式符号,后跟动词原形。不定式短语toopenacafe在句中作表语。3.[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherparagraphaloud.答案与解析:wait→waiting主语Everyone与wait为逻辑主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,因此将wait改成waiting。4.[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity;otherswerenervousandanxious.答案与解析:take前加tobeeagertodosth.意为“渴望做某事”。[考点研析]考点一非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语1.非谓语动词动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作,而不定式作主语则表示具体的、某一次的行为。①Asweallknow,goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.众所周知,早起早睡是一个好习惯。②Tocompletetheprogramneedsmucheffort.完成这项计划需要很大的努力。2.it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有:Itisnouse/good/fundoingsth.Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.It's+adj.+for/ofsb.+todosth.It'simportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.定期更新数据是很重要的。3.非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。(1)现在分词作表语意为“令人感到……的”,而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到……的”。Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewholenight.这则消息令人激动,我们激动了整整一晚上。(2)不定式、动名词都可以作表语,但动名词作表语多指抽象的、经常性的动作。WhathedidinthemeetingwaschattingwithMary.他在会议上所做的事情就是与玛丽谈话。(3)不定式则多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。Myjobistocleanthehousethreetimesaweek.我的工作是每个星期打扫房子三次。(4)get,become,look,seem,appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语,表示被动或主语的状态。ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthatweshouldn'tgetdiscouragedrightafterfailures.温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们,失败后我们绝不能气馁。4.非谓语动词作宾语(1)若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语,则只能用动名词。suggest,risk,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,avoid,delay,include,deny,escape,advise,finish,miss,insiston,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto,devoteone'stimeto等。Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectincaseheshouldbeoffended.我回避提及这个话题,以免冒犯他。(2)若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语,则只能用不定式。decide,refuse,promise,pretend,hesitate,manage,plan,fail,choose,wouldlike等。Shewillattempttobeattheworldrecord.她试图要打破世界纪录。(3)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但表示的含义不同。meantodosth.打算做某事doingsth.意味着做某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事未做doingsth.忘记做过某事已做regrettodosth.遗憾要去做某事未做doingsth.后悔做过某事已做trytodosth.尽力做某事doingsth.试着做某事goontodosth.继续做另外一件事doingsth.继续做同一件事remembertodosth.记着去做某事未做doingsth.记得做过某事已做can'thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事doingsth.情不自禁地做某事IregrettotellyouthatIcan'tcome.我很遗憾地告诉你我不能来了。IstillrememberbeingtakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺,并记得在那里我所看到的一切。(4)动词作介词的宾语时,要用动名词形式,不能用动词不定式。Theauthorbeginshisaccountofthetourintheforestmainlybydescribingvarioussounds.作者主要是通过描绘各种声音开始叙述自己的森林之旅的。◎即学即练(单句语法填空)1.[2018·北京卷]________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.答案与解析:Traveling考查非谓语动词。句意:沿古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣和有益的经历。根据题干可知,________alongtheoldSilkRoad是主语部分,应该用动名词形式作主语。2.[2020·辽宁铁岭协作体第一次联考]Aboveall,Ihavecometounderstandthat________(bring)happinesstoothersisgettingourselveshappiness.答案与解析:bringing考查非谓语动词。句意:首先,我开始明白了授人玫瑰手留余香的道理。在宾语从句中设空处作主语,且表示抽象概念,故用动名词作主语。3.[2020·湖北七市联考]________(send)yellowrosescanberisky,astheyrepresenteither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