Unit5FirstaidSectionⅣGrammar&Writing省略第一板块单元语法完成句子1.如果加热,水就会沸腾。____________,waterwillboil.2.他不像过去那样早起床了。Hedoesn'tgetupearlyashe____________.Ifheatedusedto3.如果我是你,我就不去那儿。____________,Iwouldnotgothere.4.请让你的朋友帮助你。Pleaseletyourfriend____________.5.听起来是个好主意。____________agoodidea.WereIyouhelpyouSoundslike为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去某一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫作省略。考点一简单句中的省略1.省略主语和谓语。—Hello!IsJackin?——你好!杰克在吗?—(Thisis)Jackspeaking.——我就是。2.Therebe句型的省略。(Isthere)Anythingwrong?发生了什么事吗?3.感叹句根据上下文的省略。Whata(good)boy(heis)!多好的男孩呀!4.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时可省略名词。Igotothesupermarketinsteadofthebutcher's(shop)tobuymeat.我去超市而不是去肉铺买肉。5.介词的省略。可以省略介词in的几个固定词组,如spendtime(in)doingsth.,haveahardtime(in)doingsth.,wastetime(in)doingsth.等。Heseldomspendshissparetime(in)studying.他空余时间很少学习。考点二并列句中的省略1.省略共同的主语或宾语。Tompickedupthebookfromthefloorand(Tom)handedittohisbrother.汤姆从地板上捡起书并把它递给了他的哥哥。2.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主语和谓语。Hisperformancemadeusamused,but(hisperformancemade)himselftired.他的表演让我们高兴,但是使他自己很累。3.若主语不同而谓语的助动词、情态动词相同,则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。Xiaomingmusthavebeenplayingfootballatthattime,andhissister(musthavebeen)playingthepiano.那时小明一定在踢足球,而他妹妹一定在弹钢琴。考点三复合句中的省略1.状语从句的省略。(1)在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though等引导的状语从句中,若谓语含有be,而从句的主语与主句的主语相同或是it时,则从句的主语和be常被省略。Hewillnotattendthepartyunless(heis)invited.除非被邀请,否则他不会参加这个宴会。If(itis)convenient,pleasecallmeandhaveachatwithme.如果方便的话,给我打电话聊天。(2)虚拟条件句中若含有助动词were,had,should,常省略if,将助动词were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldacceptthechancetoworkinthatcompany.如果我是你,我会接受在那个公司工作的机会。2.宾语从句中的省略。(1)由特殊疑问词which,when,where及why引导的宾语从句,若从句中所表达的内容与主句内容重复,可将其省略,仅保留疑问词。Hewaslateforworkagain,andnooneknewwhy(hewaslateforworkagain).他又一次上班迟到了,没人知道为什么。(2)that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语时,可省略引导词that;若两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语,只能省略第一个引导词that。Joesaid(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldarriveat5∶00p.m..乔说过他要来,下午5点会到。(3)在与suggest,request,order,advise等词有关的名词性从句中,从句谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式,即“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。Isuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingtonight.我提议我们今晚开个会。(4)在I'mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess等作答语时,其后常跟省略形式。so表示赞同前述的事实,not表示不赞同前述的事实。—Wewillhavetoworkextrahourstofinishthework.——我们将不得不加班来完成这份工作。—I'mafraidso(=wewillhavetoworkextrahourstofinishthework).——恐怕是这样。3.定语从句的省略。(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略。Hehandedthebook(that/which)heboughtyesterdaytome.他把昨天买的那本书递给了我。(2)way作先行词,且定语从句中缺少方式状语,此时引导从句的关系词可省略。Wedon'tliketheway(inwhich/that)hetreatshismother.我们不喜欢他对待妈妈的方式。(3)在以thesame...as...与suchas引导的某些定语从句中,也可省略与主句相同的部分。Thepriceisthesameas(thepricewas)beforethewar.价格与战前相同。(4)定语从句中的“关系代词+助动词be”可以省略。Theticket(that/whichwas)bookedbyhissisterhasbeensenttohim.他妹妹订的那张票已送到了他那里。考点四动词不定式中的省略1.为了避免重复,在联系密切的语境中,作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留不定式符号to。常见的动词有like,love,hope,wish,expect,refuse,mean,try,forget,prefer等。—Willyougoshoppingwithus?——你愿意和我们一起去购物吗?—Well,I'dliketo(goshoppingwithyou).ButIhavemanythingstodo.——哦,我想去,但是我有很多事要做。2.两个或两个以上的不定式并列,第一个不定式中的to不能省略,第二个不定式中的to可省略;但是当两个不定式表示对比关系时,第二个不定式中的to也不能省略。Herworkistokeepthehousecleanand(to)lookafterthechildren.她的工作就是打扫房子,并且照看孩子。3.感官动词(feel,listento,hear,lookat,see,watch,notice)及使役动词(let,have,make)后面的复合宾语中的宾语补足语,若为不定式充当时,则要用省掉to的形式。Iheardsomeone(to)singasongnexttoourapartmentlastnight.昨天晚上我听见隔壁有人唱歌。4.不定式中若有助动词have或be,则需要保留助动词have或be。Hedidn'tcome,butheoughttohave(come).他没来,但是他本应该已经来了。5.不定式作表语时,若谓语之前出现实义动词do的任何形式,则表语中不定式中的to可省略。Thenextthingthatshewantstodois(to)thankhercoach.她想要做的下一件事情是感谢她的教练。6.不定式作介词but,except的宾语时,若在but,except之前出现实义动词do的任何形式时,则可省掉其后面不定式中的to。Hehasnothingtodoeverydaybut(to)playcomputergamestokilltime.他终日无所事事,只是玩电脑游戏来消磨时间。考点五与特殊疑问句相关的省略1.特殊疑问句的回答形式有两种,一种是省略回答,一种是完全回答。—Doyoulikethisshirt?——你喜欢这件衬衫吗?—Yes,(Ilikeit)verymuch.——是的,非常喜欢。2.由固定词组引导的疑问句,Sowhat?Whatif?等。What(shouldwedo)ifitrains?要是天下雨了怎么办?Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Inclasses,you'dbetterunderstandasmuchaspossiblewhile____________(take)notes.2.Henryislesslikelytopasstheendoftermexam,buthestillhopes____________.3.Doctorshavesaidthatasmanyas50%ofpatientsdon'ttakemedicineas____________(direct).takingtodirected4.Justnowthepatientopenedhermouthasif____________(say)somethingtoherhusband.5.Though____________(will)togetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.6.Although____________(order)tostop,thedriverkeptondrivingasfastashecould.7.Hesucceededinsolvingalltheproblemsas____________(expect).tosaywillingorderedexpected8.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____________(notmake)itmoredifficult.9.Hehadawonderfulchildhoodwhen____________(travel)withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld.10.When____________(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andygotachancetobecomefamous.nottomaketravellingofferedⅡ.单句改错1.Iwon'tgotothepartyevenifbeinginvited.____________2.Heopenedhismouthasifspeak.____________3.Hecamehomeearlierthanwasexpected.____________4.Cathycandonothingbuttoliedownandsleep.____________5.Theteachertoldusnottotaketheequipmentoutofthelaboratoryuntilallowingto.______________________去掉beingif后加to去掉was去掉toallowing→allowedⅢ.语法与写作1.我有困难时总是找她帮忙。____________Ialwaysturntoherforhelp.(trouble)2.他还是像年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。Hewasaloverofsports____________inhisyouth.(be)3.他不想等她,但是他不