Unit4BodylanguageSectionⅣGrammar&Writing现在分词作状语第一板块单元语法①(教材P26)...Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously.②(教材P26)Istoodforaminutewatchingthemandthenwenttogreetthem.③(教材P26)Shesteppedbackappearingsurprised...④(教材P26)ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling,togetherwithGeorgeCookfromCanada.⑤(教材P26)WhenDarleneCoulonfromFrancecamedashingthroughthedoor...⑥Turningaround,shesawanambulancedrivingaway.⑦Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.⑧Hearingthenews,theyjumpedforjoy.⑨Havingsmokedtoomuch,hehassufferedfromlungcancer.黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是_____________________;作时间状语的是_____;作结果状语的是_____;作原因状语的是________。①、②、③、④、⑤⑥⑦⑧、⑨一、现在分词作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随状况。1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)◆Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.=When/While(shewas)walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.当她在公园里散步时,她看到了她的一个老朋友。[温馨提示]当表示正在进行的动作时,可直接在分词前面加上when/while,此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2.作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)◆Beingill,hecouldn'tgotoschool.=Ashewasill,hecouldn'tgotoschool.因为生病了,他无法去上学。3.作条件状语(一般放在句首,其前可以加if,unless等连词)◆Workinghard,you'llmakegreatprogress.=Ifyouworkhard,you'llmakegreatprogress.如果你努力工作,你将取得很大进步。4.作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。◆Theplatedroppedfromherhands,breakingintopieces.盘子从她手中掉了下来,摔成了碎片。[温馨提示]现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,有时前面可以加only。试比较:◆Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.被雨淋后他感冒了。◆Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofinditwasSunday.我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现是星期天。5.作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时,说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。◆Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.=Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomandwasreadingabook.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。[温馨提示]为强调动词ing形式表达的意义,可在其前加上各种连词。例如,加上when,while,强调与谓语动词同时发生;加上before,after,强调动作先后发生;加上thus,强调结果;加上(al)though,强调让步等。◆Thoughknowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.尽管他们了解这一切,但还是让我赔偿损失。二、现在分词作状语注意事项1.现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时,要注意分词的时间性,是用现在分词的一般式(doing),还是用完成式(havingdone)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,用分词的一般式。◆Walkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.我正在大街上行走时,遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用分词的完成式。◆Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先发生的,went是后发生的)2.现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。◆Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后,他们很高兴。◆Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后,他上床睡觉。3.动词ing形式的否定式:not+v.ing;nothaving+v.ed◆Notknowingthis,hedidn'tcome.他不知道这件事,所以没来。◆Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.因为没有做好充分的准备,我们把运动会延期了。4.独立主格动词ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件。◆Thetreesareextremelytall,somemeasuringover90metres.那些树非常高,其中一些测量为90多米。◆Theweatherbeingfine,wewentoutforawalk.由于天气好,我们去散步了。5.现在分词作评注性状语有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如:generallyspeaking“一般来说”;judgingby/from...“从……判断”;takingeverythingintoconsideration“从全盘考虑”。◆Judgingfromhisbehaviour,hemustbemad.从他的行为来判断,他一定是疯了。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,_________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.2.Not__________(know)whattodo,thechildrenhadtowaitfortheirparentstocomeback.3.__________(hear)thesignal,peopleranoutofthebuilding.listeningknowingHearing4.________(judge)fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful,butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.5.Thedecision_________________(make),whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.6.__________(work)harderatEnglish,you'llmakegreaterprogress.7._______exploringthecave,theyfoundavaluablemineral.JudginghavingbeenmadeWorkingWhen8.It________(be)Sunday,manypeoplegotothegymnasiumtodophysicalexercises.9.___________(look)outthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulscenery.10.Thecaseshockedthepublic,_________cause)ahotdebateoverhumannatureontheInternet.beingLookingcausingⅡ.单句写作1.就个人而言,我满意你的表现。__________________,I'msatisfiedwithyourperformance.2.这位影星想迅速离开,却被他的粉丝包围了。Thefilmstarintendedtoleavequickly,_______________________________.3.全世界都踢足球,因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。Footballisplayedallovertheworld,____________________.Personallyspeakingonlytobesurroundedbyhisfansmakingitapopularsport4.因为没有顾客,他们关了店门。_______________________,theyclosedthestore.5.我站在门旁,一句话不敢说。Istoodbythedoor,_____________________.6.尽管尝试了多次,但他仍未成功。_______________________,hestillcouldn'tsucceed.TherebeingnocustomersnotdaringtosayawordHavingtriedmanytimesⅢ.语法填空HongKongOceanPark,1.(open)in1977,islocatedonthesouthendofHongKongIsland.It2.(cover)3.areaof69hectares,4.(make)itthe5.(large)oceanparkintheworld.Theparkhasall6.(kind)offacilities,7.notonlyofferpeopleaplace8.(see)allkindsoflivinganimalsintheoceanbutplaymany9.(excite)gamesaswell.What10.(make)usmorepleasedisthatPandasJiajiaandAnanfromthemainlandarealsolivinginthepark.Therefore,HongKongOceanParkisthemostpopularthemeparkintheworld.答案:1.opened2.covers3.an4.making5.largest6.kinds7.which8.tosee9.exciting10.makes关注信第二板块单元写作[文体感知]关注信(letterofconcern)属于应用文的范畴。关注信是作者就某一个问题或一些现象,表达自己对事件的关心,并提出自己的一些看法和解决办法。其基本结构为:开头:简单介绍写信的缘由;主体:针对对方问题(如生病等)进行有针