Unit2WorkingthelandSectionⅣGrammar&Writing动词ing形式作主语和宾语第一板块单元语法①(教材P10)Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.②(教材P10)Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.③(教材P10)YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.④(教材P10)However,hedoesn'tcareaboutbeingfamous.⑤(教材P10)Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmahjong,swimmingandreading.⑥(教材P10)Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.⑦(教材P10)Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.⑧(教材P10)Heawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.⑨Mary'sbeinglateforclassmadeherteacherangry.⑩Itisnousearguingwithhimaboutsuchamatter.(1)以上动名词短语(加黑部分)在句中作主语的是_____________;作动词宾语的是____;作介词(短语)宾语的是__________。(2)⑨句中为__________________作主语。(3)⑩句中it作__________。①⑥⑦⑨⑩⑤②③④⑧动名词的复合结构形式主语一、动词ing形式的一般特征1.动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,包括现在分词和动名词两种。2.动词ing形式的时态和语态:语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone3.动词ing形式在句中的语法作用:动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。二、动词ing形式作主语1.动词ing形式作主语时,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,通常置于句首。◆Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。◆Wastingaperson'stimeisthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。[温馨提示](1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。◆Tolietoheriswrong.对她撒谎不对。(2)动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。◆Climbingmountainsisreallydifficultfortheold.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。2.形式主语it代替动词ing形式作主语。此类句式常见的有:It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间It'suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事没用/是值得的It'snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思◆Itisnousewaitingforotherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.等别人替你做决定是没有用的。◆Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。3.当句型“Thereisno...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时,需用动词ing形式作主语。◆Thereisnodenyingthattheenvironmentisfrombadtoworse.不能否认环境状况正在逐步恶化。◆Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。三、动词ing形式作宾语1.作动词的宾语常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆:避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建议完成多练习(advise/suggest,finish,practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can'thelp)承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)◆Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打开窗子吗?◆Idon'tlikewatchingtelevisionbutIenjoylisteningtotheradio.我不喜欢看电视,但是喜欢听收音机。◆Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2.作动词短语的宾语常见的跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词短语有:insiston,objectto,begoodat,befondof,leadto,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,devoteto,get/beusedto,payattentionto,beworth等。◆Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。3.在有些动词的后面,如:start,begin,continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语,两者意义区别不大。◆Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他们继续工作,似乎什么也没发生过。4.在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后接动词ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作,用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。◆Hepreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained.下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词ing形式作宾语,指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)◆Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语,表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)5.有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词ing形式作宾语均可,但含义不同。常见的有:动词宾语的形式意义todo忘记做……forgetdoing忘记做过……todo记着要去做……rememberdoing记得做过……todo遗憾/抱歉要做……regretdoing后悔做了……todo尽力做……trydoing尝试做……todo打算做……meandoing意味着……todo接着做(另外一件事)goondoing接着做(同一件事)todo停下来去做某事stopdoing停止做某事◆Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.请记着代我向你的家人问好。◆Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。6.下列动词可接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deservedoing=need/want/require/deservetobedone◆Thebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这辆自行车需要修一下。四、动词ing形式的否定形式动词ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时not应放在逻辑主语和动词ing形式之间。◆Youhavenoexcusefornotgoing.你没有理由不去。◆Hewaspunishedfornothavingdonehishomework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。五、动词ing形式的复合结构动词ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动词ing②名词's+动词ing③代词宾格+动词ing④名词+动词ing◆Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。◆Thebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。◆Canyouimaginehim/Jackcookingathome?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?[温馨提示](1)动词ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时,不能用③④两种形式。(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。◆Tom'swinningthefirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。◆Doyoumindmy/me/Jack's/Jackleavingnow?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗?Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Wouldyoumind__________(turn)downyourradio?2.Thereisnouse_________(keep)silentaboutsuchamatter.3.His_____________(notget)tothestationontimemadeeveryoneworriedlastweek.4.Theteachertoldthestudentstostop__________(write)and___________(listen)tohim.5.Hesucceededin___________(persuade)hertodothejob.turningkeepingnotgettingwritingtolistenpersuading6.Seeingthefunnyscene,Ican'thelp__________(laugh).7.Iregret________(tell)youthatmysisterregrets_________(make)youherdate.Youarenotthekindofpersonshewants.8.Thebookisworth_________(read)asecondtime.9.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A90yearoldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for_____(be)Britain'soldestfulltimeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.10.Thewindowshaven'tbeencleanedforalongtime.Theyneed_____________________(clean).laughingtotellmakingreadingbeingcleaning/tobecleanedⅡ.单句写作1.很多人都建议制定更多的规则以保护动物权益。Manypeoplehavesuggested___________________toprotectanimalrights.2.很难想象他会不假思索就接受了这个决定。Itisdifficulttoimagine_______________________withoutanyconsideration.3.他早上起晚了,导致他上课迟到了。____________________________madehimlatefortheclass.settingupmoreruleshisacc