2020年高中英语 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Section Ⅰ Warm

Unit2TheUnitedKingdom[话题导读]英国的地理位置和世界地位是怎样的呢？请阅读本文对其加以初步了解！TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland(commonlyknownastheUnitedKingdom,theUKorBritain)isasovereignstate(主权国家)offthenorth­westerncoastofcontinentalEurope.ThecountryincludestheislandofGreatBritain,thenorth­easternpartoftheislandofIrelandandmanysmallerislands.NorthernIrelandistheonlypartoftheUKthatsharesalandborderwithanothersovereignstate—theRepublicofIreland.ApartfromthislandbordertheUKissurroundedbytheAtlanticOcean,theNorthSea,theEnglishChannelandtheIrishSea.TheUKwastheworld'sfirstindustrializedcountryandtheworld'sforemostpowerduringthe19thandearly20thcenturiesalthoughtheeconomicandsocialcostoftwoworldwarsandthedeclineofitsempireinthelatterhalfofthe20thcenturyaffecteditsleadingroleinglobalaffairs.TheUKisstilladevelopedcountrynow.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Prereading&Reading—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]PUZZLES①INGEOGRAPHYPeoplemaywonderwhydifferentwordsareusedtodescribethesefourcountries:England,Wales②，Scotland③andNorthernIreland④.Youcanclarify⑤thisquestionifyoustudyBritishhistory.FirsttherewasEngland.Waleswaslinkedto⑥itinthethirteenthcentury.Nowwhenpeoplereferto⑦EnglandyoufindWalesincluded1aswell⑧.NextEnglandandWaleswerejoinedto⑨Scotlandintheseventeenthcenturyandlaterthenamewaschangedto“GreatBritain”.Happilythiswasaccomplished○10withoutconflict⑪whenKingJamesofScotlandbecameKingofEnglandandWalesaswell.FinallytheEnglishgovernmenttriedintheearlytwentiethcentury⑫toformtheUnitedKingdombygettingIrelandconnectedinthesamepeacefulway2.However,thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwilling⑬andbrokeaway⑭toformitsowngovernment.SoonlyNorthernIrelandjoinedwithEngland，WalesandScotlandtobecometheUnitedKingdom3andthiswasshowntotheworldinanewflagcalledtheUnionJack⑮.[再记住]①puzzlen．谜；难题②Wales[weIlz]威尔士(英)③Scotland['skɒtlənd]苏格兰(英)④NorthernIreland['aIələnd]北爱尔兰(英)⑤clarify['klærIfaI]vt.澄清；阐明⑥linkAtoB把A与B连接、联合起来，此处为被动语态。⑦referto提及；涉及⑧aswell也；还；而且⑨joinAtoB把A与B连接、联合起来，此处为被动语态。⑩accomplish[ə'kʌmplIʃ]vt.实现；完成；达到⑪conflict['kɒnflIkt]n．矛盾；冲突⑫intheearlytwentiethcentury在20世纪初⑬unwilling['ʌn'wIlIŋ]adj.不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)beunwillingtodosth.不愿意做某事⑭breakaway(from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离[难点理解]1.findWalesincluded为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，过去分词included充当宾补。2.bygetting...为方式状语，其中gettingIrelandconnected为“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，过去分词connected作宾补。3.动词不定式短语tobecome...作结果状语。⑮theUnionJack英国国旗[再翻译]地理学的困惑对于用不同词汇来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家，人们或许感到很奇怪。如果你学习英国历史，你就可以弄清楚这个问题。首先是英格兰。威尔士在公元13世纪时与英格兰是一体的。如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是被包括在内的。接着英格兰和威尔士在17世纪同苏格兰合并，后来更名为“大不列颠”。令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时并未经过战争。最后在20世纪初，英国政府试图以同样的和平方式把爱尔兰联合起来以形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意(组建联合王国)，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。因此，只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国，从向世界展示的新的英国国旗上就可以看出来。[先读通]Totheircredit⑯thefourcountriesdoworktogether4insomeareas(eg,thecurrency⑰andinternationalrelations),buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions⑱.Forexample,NorthernIreland,EnglandandScotlandhavedifferenteducational⑲andlegal⑳systemsaswellasdifferentfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup！Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries,andforconvenience○21itisdividedroughly○22intothreezones.ThezonenearestFranceiscalledtheSouthofEngland,themiddlezoneiscalledtheMidlands○23andtheonenearestto○24Scotlandisknownas○25theNorth.Youfindmostofthepopulationsettledinthesouth5,butmostoftheindustrialcitiesintheMidlandsandtheNorthofEngland.Although,nationwide○26，thesecitiesarenotaslargeas6thoseinChina,theyhaveworld­famousfootballteamsandsomeofthemevenhavetwo!Itisapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattract○27visitors7.Forhistorical○28architecture○29youhavetogotoolderbutsmallertownsbuiltbytheRomans8.ThereyouwillfindoutmoreaboutBritishhistoryandculture.ThegreatesthistoricaltreasureofallisLondonwithitsmuseums,artcollections○30，theatres,parksandbuildings.Itisthecentreofnationalgovernmentanditsadministration○31.Ithastheoldestport○32builtbytheRomansinthefirstcenturyAD,theoldestbuildingbegunbytheAnglo­Saxons○33inthe1060sandtheoldestcastleconstructed○34bylaterNorman○35rulersin10669.TherehavebeenfoursetsofinvadersofEngland.Thefirstinvaders,theRomans,lefttheirtownsandroads.Thesecond,theAnglo­Saxons10,lefttheirlanguageandtheirgovernment.Thethird,theVikings○36，influenced○37thevocabularyandplace­namesoftheNorthofEngland,andthefourth,theNormans,leftcastlesandintroducednewwordsforfood.[再记住]⑯credit['kredIt]n.信任；学分；赞扬；信贷toone'scredit为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下⑰currency['kʌrənsI]n．货币；通货⑱institution['InstI'tjuːʃn]n．制度；机制；公共机构⑲educational['edjʊ'keIʃənl]adj.教育的⑳legaladj.法律的；合法的[难点理解]4.doworktogether中do表示强调，意为“确实，的确”。○21convenience[kən'viːnIəns]n．便利；方便forconvenience为了方便起见○22roughly['rʌflI]adv.粗略地(＝about)；粗糙地○23Midlands['mIdləndz]英格兰中部地区(英)○24nearestto...靠……最近的，用作后置定语，修饰theone。○25beknownas作为……而为人所知○26nationwide['neIʃən'waId]adj.全国性的；全国范围的adv.在全国范围内；就全国而论○27attract[ə'trækt]vt.吸引；引起注意○28historical[hIs'tɒrIkl]adj.历史(上)的；有关历史的○29architecture['ɑːkItektʃə]n．建筑学；建筑艺术[难点理解]5.find...为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，过去分词短语settledinthesouth作宾补。6.notaslargeas(＝notsolargeas)不如……那么大7.在句子Itisapitythat...中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。在从句中，过去分词短语builtinth