2020年高中英语 Unit 1 Cultural relics Section Ⅳ Grammar

Unit1CulturalrelicsSectionⅣGrammar&Writing第一板块单元语法限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句教材语法领悟1．(教材P1)ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom，_______wasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.2．(教材P1)Theamber_______wasselectedhadabeautifulyellow­browncolourlikehoney.3．(教材P1～2)However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamⅠ，to______theamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.whichwhichwhom4．(教材P2)Later,CatherineⅡhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburg_______shespenthersummers.5．(教材P2)Thiswasatime______thetwocountrieswereatwar.6．(教材P2)ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforKönigsberg，_______wasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.wherewhenwhich语法考点精析考点一定语从句的种类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1．限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as；关系副词有where,when,why。Thisisthecomputer(that/which)heboughtforhissonyesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。Thewomanwho/thatsurvivedtheearthquakeisAmy'sEnglishteacher.在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。2．非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。HeisEnglish，whichIknowfromhisaccent.他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。Iheardaterriblenoise，whichbroughtmyheartintomymouth.我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。考点二限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较1．形式不同限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。Hereisthemanwhohasbeenpunishedbytheboss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)Theproject，whichlastedthreeyears,costnolessthan$1billion.这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)2．先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。试比较：ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)Thenovel，whichIreadlastnight,isveryinteresting.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)Thenovelisveryinteresting，whichmakesmeveryexcited.那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话的内容)3．关系词的使用情况不同(1)that,why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，指物时要用which代替that,forwhich代替why。Mostpeopledidn'tvoteforhim，whichdisappointedhim.大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。Ihavetoldthemthereason，forwhichIchangedmymind.我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。(2)关系代词替代情况不同①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。Thisistheman(whom/who/that)wearetalkingabout.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend，whomhewantedtoimpress.这位年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。Shehasayoungerbrother，whoisanEnglishteacher.她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。(3)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。Thisisagoodfilm(which/that)Isawafewdaysago.这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)Thesummerholiday，whichwe'relookingforwardto,isdrawingnear.我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)语法专项训练Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空1．Thisistheroom_______mygrandmausedtolive.2．Thisistheroom____________mygrandmausedtolivein.3．MrGreensaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity______hehadvisitedinChina.4．____isknowntousall,therarevasedatesbacktotheMingDynasty.5．Theboy______________Ithoughttobehonestliedtome.wherethat/whichthatAswho/whom/that6．I,_____amyourgoodfriend,willofcoursetrymybesttohelpyouout.7．Thiswasthereason_____hetookapartthemachine.8．Thisisthefarm_______wepickedappleslastyear.9．Doyoustillrememberthesummerholiday______wemadeajourneytoBeijing?10．Thefamoussinger，_____isfromBritain,hasanumberofdevotedfansinChina.whowhywherewhenwhoⅡ.单句改错1．Theoldmanhastwodaughters,bothofwhoworkasdoctors._____________2．Shehasseveralballs,thelargestofthatistheblueone.___________3．Hefailedintheexamagain,thatsurprisedhisparents.____________who→whomthat→whichthat→which4．Doyouknowthenumberofpeoplewhomlosttheirlivesinthetrafficaccident?_____________5．Thereasonthathemissedtheclasswasquitedifferentfromtheonethatyouexplainedtome._______________whom→who第一个that→whyⅢ.语法与写作1．TheywenttotheBritishMuseum，_______________________________________________(在那里他们看到了许多著名艺术家的画作)．2．_____________________(众所周知),booksarethesourceofknowledge.3．Idon'tknowthereason____________________________________________(他为什么没有照常来学校)．wheretheysawmanyAsisknowntousallwhyhedidn'tcometoschoolasusualfamousartists'paintings4．Heissuchaman__________________________________(一直积极并且热心的)．5．(在那里你可以买到你想要的东西)atagoodprice.6．Theschoolshop，_________________________________(主要顾客是学生),isclosedfortheholidays.asisalwaysactiveandwarmheartedwhereyoucanbuywhatwhosecustomersaremainlystudentsyouwant