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Module3TheViolenceofNatureSectionⅣGrammar&Writing过去完成时的被动语态&直接引语与间接引语第一板块单元语法1．(教材P23)Bythetimeitended,morethan700people_______________(kill)and2,700_______________(injure)．2．(教材P23)CoghlantravelledbacktoCanada—afterhe_______________(bury)inTexas!hadbeenkilledhadbeeninjuredhadbeenburied3．(教材P26)Hesaidthateleventhousandpeople___________(live)thereandsixthousand___________(leave)theweekbefore.4．(教材P26)Thereporteraskedwhenpeople___________(be)abletoreturnhome.livedhadleftwouldbe一、过去完成时的被动语态1．构成：had＋been＋过去分词2．用法表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。常用于before,after,bythetime,when等引导的状语从句中，且谓语动词是一般过去时，以及by,before,until＋过去的时间点。◆Whenshegothome,shefoundthatherkeyshadbeenleftinheroffice.她到家时，她发现自己的钥匙忘在办公室里了。◆By16：30,whichwasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.到下午四点半，差不多营业时间结束的时候，几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。◆Thenewspaperreportedmorethan1,000peoplehadbeenkilledinthehurricane.报纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。[温馨提示]在Itwasthefirst/second...timethat...句型中，此句型主句用一般过去时，that引导的定语从句中，主语和谓语构成动宾关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。◆Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenbeatenblackandblue.那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。二、直接引语与间接引语直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫做间接引语。直接引语改为间接引语，必须在语序、人称、时态和状语方面做相应变化。1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时由连词that引导(that可省略)。◆Marysaidtoherfriends,“Idon'tlikecomputers.”→Marysaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn'tlikecomputers.2．直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时变成if/whether引导的宾语从句(注意：从句中须用陈述语序)。3．直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时特殊疑问句变为由who,whom,when,where,why,how等疑问词引导的宾语从句(注意：从句中须用陈述语序)。4．直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时变为“主语＋ask/order/tell/beg等＋宾语＋动词不定式”这一句型。◆Hesaid,“Doitnowanddon'tputitoffuntiltomorrow.”→Hetoldmetodoitthenandnottoputitoffuntilthenextday.[温馨提示](1)直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时注意：直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时，变成间接引语时时态不变。当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。(2)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等的变化：直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforelastyeartheyearbeforeagobefore直接引语间接引语tomorrowthenextdaynextmonththenextmonthheretherecomegobringtakehadbeencleanedhadbeenkilledhadbeenfoundⅠ.单句语法填空1．Thefloorlookedclean,becauseit_________________(clean)beforewearrived.2．Bythetimethehurricaneended,morethan700people_________________(kill)init.3．Assoonassheheardthenewsthatherlostbaby_________________(find),theexcitedmotherburstintotears.4．WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundthetickets___________(sell)out.5．(2019·沈阳二中期中)—Howwasthejourney?—Tiring!Icaughtthetrainatthelastsecondandalltheseats_________________(occupy)．Istoodalltheway.6．Thepolicemanaskedthewoman___________therewasanythingwrong.7．Ourteachersaidthatpractice___________(make)perfect.hadbeensoldhadbeenoccupiedwhether/ifmakes8．Jimtoldmethathe___________(visit)theSummerPalacethenextweek.9．Thecaptainorderedthesoldier___________(get)itdonebytwoo'clock.10．(北京卷)Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit___________(start)whenIarrived.wouldvisittogethadstartedⅡ.单句改错1．TheteachertoldmethatImustpaymoreattentiontohispronunciation.___________2．Itwasreportedthatmorethanl,000peoplehadkilledinthetornado._________________3．Hesaidthatsomebridgeshadwashedawayafterthestorm.___________his→mykilled前加beenhad后加been4．TheteacheraskedthestudentsthattheywereinterestedinEnglish._________________________5．Johntoldmethatheisgoingtoseethefilmasecondtime.___________that→whether/ifis→wasⅢ.语法与写作1．吴老师问汤姆为什么走的时候不关灯。MissWuaskedTomwhyhe_________________________whenheleft.2．这项工作被证明比以前我做的工作要难得多。ThisjobprovedtobemuchmoredifficultthantheoneI_________________before.hadn'tturnedoffthelighthadbeenoffered3．她告诉我她五年前在那儿住过。Shetoldmethatshe_______________fiveyearsbefore.4．到昨晚9点钟，大部分工作已经完成。Bynineo'clocklastnight,mostofthework_________________.5．地理老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。Thegeographyteachertoldusthat___________________________________.hadlivedtherehadbeenfinishedtheearthtravelsaroundthesun自然灾害类文章第二板块单元写作[文体感知]自然灾害或灾难性事件主要是指自然灾害或人类行为导致的灾难性事件。写作时，要说明灾害发生的时间、地点和危害以及对自然灾害的补救措施、经验教训和建议，注意要采用客观态度，避免主观色彩。[增分佳句]1．灾害的发生①Therewas/isaterribleearthquake/floodin...②Aterribleearthquake/floodhit/struck...③...happened/tookplace/brokeout.2．灾害的影响①Thousandsofpeopleweremadehomeless.②Thedisastercaused...deaths/injuries.③Theflood/earthquakecausedgreatdamage/lossto...3．采取措施及建议①Atpresent,freshwater,foodandsheltersarebadlyneeded.②Fortunately,internationalsocietiesofferedtheirhelpinghandsshortlyaftertheearthquake—donatingclothes,foodandmedicine.③Inthemeantime,peoplenationwidearetakinganactivepartinraisingmoneyfordisasterareas.④Measureshavebeentakentohelp...[写作要求]2019年夏天，南方发生了严重的洪涝灾害，造成了很大的损失。请根据下面3个方面的内容，写一篇英语短文。1．损失：农田被毁，房屋被冲走，很多人无家可归；2．洪涝灾害的原因：下雨达数月，森林被砍伐，湖泊被改造成农田；3．补救措施：保护河边树木，重建堤坝，退田还湖。注意：词数100左右。[审题谋篇]项目结论体裁记叙文/说明文话题自然灾害时态一般现在时和一般过去时人称第三人称[词汇推敲]①发生___________②造成了巨大损失___________________③砍倒___________④变成___________⑤采取措施做某事_________________________occurcauseagreatlosscutdownturnintotakemeasurestodosth.[遣词造句]①农田被毁坏，房屋被冲走，许多人无家可归。一般表达：Thefloodruinedfields,washedawayhouses,andmademanypeoplebecomehomeless.高级表达：(用被动语态升级)____________________________________________________________________________Fieldswereruined，houseswerewashedawayandmanypeoplebecomehomeless.②最后，一些湖已经变成了农田，这严重地阻碍了水道。一般表达：Finally,somelakeshadbeenturnedintofields,andthisserio