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Module3TheViolenceofNature[话题导读]导语：龙卷风和飓风都是具有极强破坏性的气候，那么，这两者之间又有什么区别呢？一起看看吧！Tornadovs.HurricaneTornadoesandhurricanesarebothdestructive(毁灭性的)stormswithstrongwinds.Theyaredifferentmainlyinsize,locationandsoon.Tornadoesoccurmainlyoverland,buthurricanesbeginovertheocean.Hurricanesgenerallystayaroundfordays,whiletornadoestypicallylastabout10minutes.Anaverageof1,000tornadoesstriketheUnitedStateseveryyear,whileanaverageofsixAtlantichurricanestakeplaceeachyear.Ofthosesixannualhurricanes,about26percentoccurintheUnitedStates.Thestrongesttornadoestypicallyoccurinlatewinterorearlyspring,whilethehurricaneseasonistheearlyfall.Hurricanescauseabout$3billionindamageeachtimetheytouchgroundintheUnitedStatesandabout$5billionannually.The1,000tornadoesthatstriketheUnitedStateseachyearcauseabout$500millionintotal.Ahistorical(历史的)studycompletelyshowsthedifferencebetweenthetwostorms'destructivepower.Thetop30mostdamaginghurricanesinthelast100yearshaveeachcausedmorethan$2.9billionindamage.Andonlythestrongesttornadointhelast100yearscausedabout$2.9billionindamage.Tornadoeshappeninall50statesintheU．S.OklahomaCityhasbeenhitmoreoftenbytornadoesthananyotherU．S.city,withaknowntotalnowofmorethan100strikes.TornadoeshavealsoactuallyhitFlorida,buttheyaregenerallymuchweaker,whiletheonesthathitOklahomahavebeenthemostviolentonrecord.Whenitcomestohurricanes,FloridaandTexasarethestatesthathavesufferedthemostdamagewith38percentofthelossesinFloridaand11.1percentofthelossesinTexas.Nexttothesestates,Hawaii,PuertoRicoandtheVirginIslandshaveallseensignificant(重大的)lossesbecauseofhurricanes.SectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]WhatIsaTornado①？Atornadoisarotating②column③ofairfromathunderstorm④totheground.Themostviolent⑤havewindsofmorethan⑥400kilometresper⑦hour.Almostallofthemoccur⑧intheUS，intheareafromTexasinthesoutheasttoSouthDakotainthenorth.Tornadoescanpickup⑨cars，trainsandevenhousesandputthemdown⑩inthenextstreet—oreveninthenexttown.Theycantakethefur⑪off⑫thebackofacatandthefeathers⑬offachicken.Theycandestroyhouses，butleavethefurniture⑭insideexactlywhereitwas.Onaverage⑮，thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear，causing⑯about80deathsand1,500injuries.Theworsttornadoofalltime⑰occurredin1925，affectingthreeUSstates：Missouri，IllinoisandIndiana.Bythetime⑱itended，morethan700peoplehadbeenkilledand2,700hadbeeninjured.WhatIsaHurricane⑲？Hurricanesarestrongtropical⑳storms，andtheyusuallyoccurinthesouthernAtlanticOcean，theCaribbeanSeaandtheGulfofMexico.Thereareviolentwindsof120kilometresperhourormore，whichcausehugewaves○21，heavyrainandfloods○22.ThereareonaveragesixAtlantichurricaneseachyearandtheyusuallyaffecttheeastcoastoftheUSfromTexastoMaine.Theworsthurricanedisasterofalltimeoccurredonthe8thSeptember1900inGalveston，Texas.Windsof200kilometresperhourandfivemetrehighwaveshit○23thecity.Thedisasterkilled6,000peopleinapopulationof37,000anddestroyed3,600buildings.AnExtraordinaryEventThisisastoryaboutthe1900Galvestonhurricane.CharlesCoghlanwasanineteenthcenturyIrishactorwhowenttoliveinCanada○24.HethenmovedtoNewYork，wherehebecamefamous○25.Bythelate1890s，hehadmovedtoGalveston，wherehediedin1899，ayearbeforethehurricanestruck○26.Thecemetery○27whereCoghlanwasburied○28wasdestroyedbythehurricaneandCoghlan'scoffin○29endedup○30inthesea.Eightyearslater，thecoffinwasfoundbyfishermenintheseanearhishomeonPrinceEdwardIslandintheeastofCanada.TheGulfStreamhadcarriedit3,000kilometresup○31theeasternUScoasttoPrinceEdwardIsland.CoghlantravelledbacktoCanada—afterhehadbeenburiedinTexas○32！[再记住]②rotating[rəʊ'teItIŋ]adj.旋转的；循环的③column['kɒləm]n.柱状物；柱状体⑤violent['vaIələnt]adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的⑥morethan多于；不仅仅是；非常⑦perprep.每occur不用于被动语态和进行时态。⑨pickup卷起；掀起⑩put...down把……放下putdown写下；记下；镇压；放下⑫takeoff去掉⑬feather['feðə]n.羽毛causingabout80deathsand1,500injuries是现在分词短语作结果状语。⑰ofalltime有史以来；历史上(常与最高级连用)⑱bythetime引导时间状语从句，主句多用完成时。⑲hurricane['hʌrIkən]n.飓风⑳tropical['trɒpIkl]adj.热带的○21wave[weIv]n.波浪wavev．挥手；招手○22flood[flʌd]n.洪水whichcausehugewaves，heavyrainandfloods是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰winds。○23hitv．袭击○24whowenttoliveinCanada是who引导的定语从句，修饰actor，who在从句中作主语。○25wherehebecamefamous是where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰NewYork。where在从句中作地点状语，可以转换成inwhich。○26strike[straIk]vt.&n．(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击strike→struck→struck/stricken○27cemetery['semətəri]n.墓地；公墓○28bury['beri]vt.埋葬beburiedin＝buryoneselfin埋头于；专心于whereCoghlanwasburied是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词thecemetery，where在从句中作地点状语。○29coffin['kɒfIn]n.棺材○30endup结果为……；以……结束endupwith以某种方式结束endupin以某种结果结束○31upprep.沿……而上○32afterhehadbeenburiedinTexas是after引导的时间状语从句。[再翻译]什么是龙卷风？龙卷风是指一个从空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋转气柱。最强烈的龙卷风风速达到每小时400千米以上。几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国东南部得克萨斯州到北部南达科塔州一带地区。龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车，甚至房子，把它们卷到邻近的街道——或者甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。它们(龙卷风)能拔掉猫背上的毛和鸡身上的羽毛。它们能毁掉房屋，却将里面的家具留在原处。美国每年平均会发生800次龙卷风，造成约80人死亡，1500人受伤。有史以来最严重的一场龙卷风发生在1925年，波及了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。到龙卷风结束时，共有700多人死亡，2700多人受伤。什么是飓风？飓风是强劲的热带风暴，它们通常发生在南大西洋、加勒比海以及墨西哥湾。(飓风发生时)风速达到每小时120千米或者更快，引发巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。每年平均有6次大西洋飓风，这些飓风通常会影响从得克萨斯州到缅因州的美国东部海岸。有史以来最强烈的飓风于1900年9月8日发生在得克萨斯州的加尔维斯顿。时速高达200千米的大风和5米高的巨浪袭击了这座城市。这场灾难造成37000人中的6000人死亡，3600幢建筑物被摧毁。一个离奇的事件这是一个关于1900年加尔维斯顿飓风的故事。查尔斯·科格伦是19世