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Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountriesSectionⅣGrammar&Writing连词第一板块单元语法1．(教材P12)Norwayisatthetopofthelist,___________theUSisatnumber7.2．(教材P12)InthelasttenyearsinChina,150millionpeoplemovedoutofpoverty.___________,thechallengesarestillgreat.3．(教材P12)___________morethan80%ofchildrenindevelopingcountriesgotoprimaryschool,about115millionchildrenarenotbeingeducated.whileHoweverAlthough4．(教材P12)Morethan1billionpeopleindevelopingcountriesdonotdrinksafewater.___________,inotherregionsoftheworld,e．g.EasternEurope,waterisnowmostlysafetodrink.5．(教材P12)Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogress___________thatweneedtomakegreaterefforts.6．(教材P12)___________developedcountriesgivesomefinancialhelp,theyneedtogivemuchmore.HoweverbutAlthough连词是连接单词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词，在句中不单独作任何成分，但大多数连词都有具体的意义和用法。本单元主要学习表示转折关系的连词but,however,although/though,while等。1．butbut用作并列连词，用来连接并列句子或并列成分，表示强烈对比、转折，两个并列成分之间可以用逗号隔开，也可不用，但是but后面不用逗号隔开。◆Heisashyman,butheisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.他是一个腼腆的人，但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。[温馨提示]but作连词还可用于“I'msorry/Excuseme,but...”句式中表示歉意，but本身没有意义。◆I'msorry,butIcan'thelpyouwiththeproblem.很抱歉，我不能帮你解决这个问题。2．howeverhowever作连词时，表示“然而，可是，不过”，用以引出令人吃惊或表示对比的话语，可放在句首、句中或句末，但要用逗号隔开。◆I'dliketogowithyou,however,myhandsarefull.我很想和你一块去，可是我太忙了。◆Youmayberight.However,IstillwanttodowhatIplanned.你也许是对的，但我还想按我计划的去做。[温馨提示]however作副词时，表示“无论如何，不管怎样”，相当于nomatterhow,引导让步状语从句，从句可放在主句之前或之后。常构成：however/nomatterhow＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。◆However/Nomatterhowhardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。◆Hetrieshisbesttosolvetheproblem,howeverdifficultitwas.他尽力解决这个问题，不管它有多困难。3．although/though(1)although和though都是引导让步状语从句的从属连词，意为“尽管，虽然”，一般情况下可互换。但although较正式，多用于句首，而though在非正式文体中较为普遍。◆Although/Thoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyareveryimportantfornow.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。[温馨提示]although和though都不能和并列连词but连用，但可以和yet或still连用。(2)though引导让步状语从句时可用部分倒装形式，其用法相当于as,把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。◆(陕西卷)Hotas/thoughthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。◆Childthough/assheis,sheknowsalot.虽然还是个孩子，她却懂得很多。◆Fastas/thoughyouread,youcan'tfinishthebookinthreedays.尽管你读得快，你也不可能在三天内读完这本书。◆Trythough/asImight,Icouldn'tliftthestone.尽管我试了，还是搬不动那块石头。[温馨提示]though还可以作副词，放在句末，用逗号和主句分开，相当于however,意为“然而”。◆Shesaidshewouldcome;shedidn't,though.她说她要来，然而却没来。4．whilewhile作连词时用法较多，主要有以下几种含义。(1)while作并列连词表示转折，强调前后句的对比关系，意为“然而”，此时while不能位于句首。◆Wavingone'shandistosay“Goodbye”．Noddingtheheadmeansagreement,whileshakingitmeansdisagreement.挥手表示再见，点头表示同意，而摇头表示不同意。(2)while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，可以与although或though互换，此时while位于句首。◆Whileonlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但它的影响并不全是积极的。(3)while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，此时while相当于duringthetimethat...,从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词的进行时或状态动词，不可用短暂性动词。◆IlearntalotofFrenchwhileIwasinParis.在巴黎时我学了很多法语。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．________________ourfootballteamfailedinthematch,wedidourbest.2．(2019·深圳中学月考)—Wouldyouliketogotoamovietonight?—I'dliketo,___________I'mbusypreparingforthefinalexamination.3．Pleasekeepstill___________Iamtakingphotosforyou.Although/Thoughbutwhile4．Wehadthoughtthefigureswerecorrect.___________，wefoundsomeerrorswhentheplanwascarriedout.5．Wewillhavetofinishthejob,___________longittakes.6．I'msorry,___________Mr.Ericlefttheofficejustafewminutesago.7．Theyknewitwouldbetoolatetodoanything.Theydidn'twanttoadmitthefact,_______________.Howeverhoweverbutthough/however8．Girl___________sheis,sheismuchnaughtierthanaboy.9．Atschool,somestudentsareactive___________someareshy,yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.10．①_________________helikesdrawing,hisparentsdon'tallowhimtolearnit.②Helikesdrawing,___________hisparentsdon'tallowhimtolearnit.③Helikesdrawing,___________,hisparentsdon'tallowhimtolearnit.though/aswhileAlthough/ThoughbuthoweverⅡ.单句改错1．Ifyouhaveastrongwill,youcangetoveranydifficulty,whatevergreatitis._______________________2．AlthoughtheInternetisofgreathelp,butIdon'tthinkit'sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit._____________________3．Somepeoplewastelotsoffoodbutothershaven'tenoughtoeat.___________whatever→howeverbut→yet或去掉butbut→while4．Muchalthoughhelikesher,hedoesgetangrywithhersometimes._________________5．Sailinginroughweathercanbeveryunpleasant.But,wefounditexciting._________________although→as/thoughBut→HoweverⅢ.语法与写作1．不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。_________________,Iintendtodrivetheretonight.2．我的房间很小，却很舒服。Myroomissmall;___________,itiscomfortable.3．我喜欢唱歌，而妹妹喜欢跳舞。Ilikesinging,____________________________.Howeverfaritishoweverwhilemysisterlikesdancing4．尽管天气冷，可他仍继续工作。__________________________________，hewentonworking.5．我邀请了所有的人来参加宴会，但是只来了几个人。Ihadinvitedeveryonetocometotheparty_______________________________________________.Coldas/thoughitwas/Althoughitwascoldbutonlyafewcame写对比类说明文第二板块单元写作[文体感知]对比类说明文通常通过对两种或两种以上的不同事物，或者同一种事物的不同情况进行比较，从而得出结论。写对比性的文章，只要把两个事物描述清楚即可，但是需要注意描写的顺序。一般来说有两种顺序：第一种是分开描述两个事物，把其中一个写完之后，再写另一个；第二种是同时描述两个事物，就某一方面进行对比。[增分佳句]1．比较地理位置或历史(地位)①ShanghaiissituatedontheestuaryofYangtzeRiverofChinawhileHongKongislocatedontheeasternsideo