2020年高中英语 Module 2 Developing and Developed Countr

Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries[话题导读]导语：贫困问题是一个世界性的难题。不仅仅是在发展中国家，就是在高度发达的西方国家中，贫困仍是一个不容忽视的问题。FightingPovertyCanyouimaginelivingonlessthan$2.50aday?Itdoesn'tseempossible,butthat'stherealityformanypeopleintheworld—morethan3billionpeople.And1.4billionofthemareinextremepoverty,earninglessthan$1.25aday.Indevelopingcountries,povertymeanshunger,disease,poorlivingconditions,uncleanwater,limitedornoaccesstoeducationandmedicalcare,andhighcrimerates.Butit'snotjustpeopleindevelopingcountrieswhosuffer—about15%ofAmericanslivebelowthepovertyline($23,492forafamilyoffour)and44%ofthem(20.4million,or6.6%ofAmericans)liveindeeppoverty.Childrensuffermostinthesepoorareas.AccordingtoUNICEF,22,000childrendieeachdaybecauseofpoverty­relatedcauses.Almost30%ofallchildrenindevelopingcountriesarethoughttobeunderweight(体重过轻的)，especiallyinSouthAsiaandsub­SaharanAfrica.Thismakesthecycleofpoverty,asthesekidsarelesslikelylatertobeabletoearnenoughmoneytosupportthemselvesandtheirfamilies.TheissueofextremepovertywasthemostimportantproblemoftheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs)in2000.Inthisglobalpartnership,worldleaderspromisedtotrytheirbesttostoppovertyandhunger,whichwouldhelpensure(确保)therightofeachpersonontheplanettohealth,educationandshelter.Muchprogresshasbeenmadesincethen,butpovertyandfoodinsecurity(不安全)stillmeanthatabout842millionpeoplesufferfromlong­timehunger.Often,readingaboutorseeingtheeffectsofpovertymakespeoplewanttohelp—especiallyaroundtheholidays.Althoughitcanbehardtoknowwheretostart,alotofcharitiesandorganizationshavestartedtofightpoverty.Evenfamilieswithlittleornoextramoneytodonatealsofindotherways—forexample，showingsupportbysocialmediaororganizinganevent.SectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]TheHuman①Development②ReportIntheyear2000,147worldleadersagreedto③worktogethertoreducepoverty④by2015orearlier.FromthisagreementcametheHumanDevelopmentReport⑤.Oneofthemostimportantsections⑥ofthisreportistheHumanDevelopmentIndex⑦.Thisexaminestheachievementsof175countries.TheIndexmeasures⑧acountry'sachievementsinthreeways⑨：lifeexpectancy⑩(howlongpeopleusuallylive)，education⑪andincome⑫.Theindexhassomesurprises⑬.Norwayisatthetopof⑭thelist,while⑮theUSisatnumber7.Theothertopfivecountriesare：Iceland⑯(2),Sweden(3),Australia(4)，theNetherlands⑰(5)．TheUKisinthethirteenthposition⑱，whileChinaisinthemiddleofthelist.ThebottomtencountriesareallAfricancountries,withSierraLeone⑲(inWestAfrica)atthebottomof⑳thelist○21.ThereportdescribeseightDevelopmentGoals○22.Themostimportantgoalsareto○23：•reducepovertyandhunger；•makesure○24thatallchildrenhaveeducationupto○25theageof11；•fightAIDSandotherdiseases；•improvetheenvironmentofpoorpeople,e．g.makesuretheyhavesafedrinkingwater；•encouragedeveloped○26countriestogive○27morehelptoothercountries.The2003HumanDevelopmentReportgivesexamplesof○28successfuldevelopment.Forexample,innineyears(1953～1962)，Chinaincreasedlifeexpectancyby○2913years.InthelasttenyearsinChina,150millionpeoplemovedoutof○30poverty.However○31，thechallenges○32arestillgreat.Everyday799millionpeopleindevelopingcountriesarehungry.OverhalfoftheseareinSouthAsiaorAfrica.Althoughmorethan80%ofchildrenindevelopingcountriesgotoprimaryschool○33，about115millionchildrenarenotbeingeducated○34.Morethan1billionpeopleindevelopingcountriesdonotdrinksafewater.However,inotherregionsoftheworld，e.g.EasternEurope，waterisnowmostlysafetodrink.Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogress○35butthatweneedtomakegreaterefforts○36.Althoughdevelopedcountries○37givesomefinancial○38help,theyneedtogivemuchmore.Interestingly○39，thecountriesthatgivethemostmoney○40aretheNetherlands,NorwayandSweden.Theseareamongthefiverichestcountriesintheworld，soitisrightthattheyshoulddoso.[再记住]①human['hjumən]n.(与动物等对比的)人②development[dI'veləpmənt]n.发展③agreetodosth.同意做某事④poverty['pɒvəti]n.贫穷动词不定式短语toreducepoverty作目的状语。⑤FromthisagreementcametheHumanDevelopmentReport.是完全倒装句式。⑥sectionn．[C]部分⑦index['Indeks]n.指数⑧measure['meʒə]vt.测定；测量；评估⑨in...way在……方面⑩expectancy[Ik'spektənsi]n.(根据概率得出的)预期数额⑪educationn．教育⑫income['Inkʌm]n.收入⑬surprisen．意外；惊奇此处属于抽象名词具体化用法。⑭atthetopof在……顶端⑮while意为“而”，表对比。while是并列连词，连接前后两个分句。⑯Iceland['aIslənd]冰岛⑰Netherlands['neðələndz]荷兰⑱position[pə'zIʃn]n.位置⑳atthebottomof在……底部○21withSierraLeone(inWestAfrica)atthebottomofthelist是“with＋名词＋介词短语”类型的with复合结构，在句中作状语。○22goal[ɡəʊl]n.目标○23“betodo”结构表示安排、命令、意向或目的。○24makesure“确保”，后接that引导的宾语从句。○25upto达到○26developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展中的○27encourage...todo...鼓励……做……○28giveexamplesof...给出……例子○29byprep.表程度(差额)○30moveoutof脱离；摆脱；搬出○31howeveradv.可是；然而however后常用逗号。○32challengen．[C]挑战○33Althoughmorethan80%ofchildren...是although引导的让步状语从句。教育；培养；训练本句运用了现在进行时的被动语态。○35makeprogress取得进步progress是不可数名词。○36makeefforts努力makeeffortstodosth.努力做某事Thereportshowsthat...butthat...中，but连接两个并列的宾语从句，表转折，注意第二个that不能省略。○37developedcountries发达国家developingcountries发展中国家○38financialadj.财政的；金融的financen．财政；金融○39interestinglyadv.有趣的是○40thatgivethemostmoney是定语从句，修饰先行词thecountries。that在从句中作主语，不可省略。[再翻译]人类发展报告在2000年，来自世界各国的147位领导人同意一起协作，力争到2015年或更早的时候减少贫困，并签署通过了《人类发展报告