2020年高中英语 Module 1 British and American English Se

Module1BritishandAmericanEnglish[话题导读]我们都知道美国和英国都说英语，但你知道美国英语是怎么产生的吗？英国英语和美国英语到底有什么不同吗？下面让我们来看究竟吧！TheEnglishlanguagewasfirstintroducedtotheAmericasbyBritishcolonistsbeginningintheearly17thcentury.Similarly,thelanguagespreadtomanyotherpartsoftheworldasaresultofBritishcolonization(殖民地，殖民)elsewhereduringthespreadoftheformerBritishEmpire.Overthepast400years,theformofthelanguageusedintheAmericas—especiallyintheUnitedStates—hasbecomedifferentfromtheoneusedintheUnitedKingdominmanyways,leadingtothedialects(方言)whicharenowcommonlyreferredtoasAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.Differencesbetweenthetwoincludepronunciation,grammar,vocabulary,spellingandidioms.Asmallnumberofwordshavecompletelydifferentmeaningsbetweenthetwodialects,orareevenunknownornotusedinoneofthem.HenrySweetoncepredicted(预言，预料)in1877thatwithinacentury,AmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglishandBritishEnglishwouldbemutually(相互地)unintelligible(无法了解的).Otherexpertshavealsomadesimilarpredictions.Itmaybethecasethatincreasedworld­widecommunicationthroughradio,television,theInternet,andglobalizationhasreducedtheamountofregionalvariation.Thiscanresulteitherinsomevariationsdisappearingorintheacceptanceofwidevariationsas“perfectlygoodEnglish”everywhere.However,itremainsthecasethatalthoughspokenAmericanandBritishEnglisharegenerallysimilar,thereareenoughdifferencestocauseoccasionalmisunderstandingsor,attimes,embarrassment.SectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandSpeaking—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]Words,words,wordsBritishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentin①manyways.Thefirstandmostobvious②wayisinthevocabulary.TherearehundredsofdifferentwordswhicharenotusedontheothersideoftheAtlantic,orwhichareusedwithadifferentmeaning③.Someofthesewordsarewellknown—Americansdriveautomobilesdown④freewaysandfillupwith⑤gas；theBritishdrivecarsalongmotorways⑥andfillupwithpetrol⑦.Asatourist,youwillneedtousetheunderground⑧inLondonorthesubway⑨inNewYork,ormaybeyouwillpreferto⑩getaround⑪thetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American).ChipsorFrenchfries?Butotherwordsandexpressionsarenotsowellknown.Americansuseaflashlight⑫，while⑬fortheBritish,it'satorch.TheBritishqueue⑭up；Americansstandinline⑮.Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightly⑯differentmeaning,whichcanbe⑰confusing⑱.Chips,forexample⑲，arepiecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain；intheStateschipsareverythinandaresoldinpackets.TheBritishcallthesecrisps.ThechipstheBritishknowandloveareFrenchfriesontheothersideoftheAtlantic.Haveorhavegot?Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishsayHaveyougot...?whileAmericanspreferDoyouhave...?AnAmericanmightsayMyfriendjustarrived,butaBritishpersonwouldsayMyfriendhasjustarrived.Prepositions⑳，too,canbedifferent:compare○21ontheteam○22，ontheweekend○23(American)withintheteam,attheweekend(British).TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomit○24them○25(I'llseeyouMonday；Writemesoon！)．Colourorcolor?Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarieties○26differ○27arespellingandpronunciation○28.Americanspellingseems○29simpler:center,colorandprograminsteadof○30centre,colourandprogramme.Manyfactorshaveinfluenced○31Americanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlers○32arrivedfourhundredyearsago.Theaccent,whichismostsimilarto○33BritishEnglish○34，canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremark○35thattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.Butaretheyreallysoimportant?Afterall,thereisprobablyasmuchvariation○36ofpronunciationwithinthetwocountriesasbetweenthem.ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstanding○37aScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.TurnontheTVSomeexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.FormorethanacenturycommunicationsacrosstheAtlantichavedevelopedsteadily○38.Sincethe1980s,withsatellite○39TVandtheInternet,ithasbeenpossibletolistentoBritishandAmericanEnglish○40attheflick○41ofaswitch○42.Thisnon­stopcommunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstand○43eachother.Butithasalsoledto○44lotsofAmericanwordsandstructures○45passingintoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear○46.However,ifyouturnon○47CNN,theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakingwithdifferentaccents○48—American,British,Australian,andevenSpanish.Oneofthebest­knownfaces,MonitaRajpal,wasborninHongKong,China,andgrewupspeakingChineseandPunjabi○49，aswellasEnglish.Thisinternationaldimensionsuggests○50thatinthefuture,therearegoingtobemany“Englishes”，notjusttwomainvarieties.Butthemessageis“Don'tworry.”UsersofEnglishwillallbeableto○51understandeachother—wherevertheyare○52.[再记住]①bedifferentin在……方面不同②obvious['ɒbviəs]adj.显然的；显而易见的③which引导两个定语从句，均修饰words。④drive...down...沿……驾驶……；相当于drive...along...。⑤fillup(with)(用……)装满；填满⑥motorway['məʊtəˌweI]n.(英)高速公路⑦petroln.(英)汽油；gasn.(美)汽油⑧underground['ʌndəɡraʊnd]n.(英)地铁⑨subway['sʌbˌweI]n.(美)地铁⑩prefertodo...更愿意/喜欢做……prefer...to...喜欢……胜过……(to为介词)⑪getaround四处走动(旅行)⑫flashlight['flæʃˌlaIt]n.(美)手电筒；火把⑬while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”。⑭queue[kjuː]vi.(英)排队(等候)queueup(for...)排队(等候……)⑮standinline排队等