2020高考英语一轮复习 板块1 复杂多变的动词 第2讲 非谓语动词课件 新人教版

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板块一复杂多变的动词第2讲非谓语动词题型典题试做语法填空1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s,andareexpensive(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.2.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientistshaverespondedby(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.[全国卷考情分析]notingtoperform题型典题试做语法填空3.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwasajoke.4.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong_______(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)earlybyrunning.dyingsayingtosee命题解读1.考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等),以考查主语、宾语、状语居多;2.考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。短文改错1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore._________________3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.4.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnotletme.sell→sellingsay→sayingmanage→managingwatching→watch1.谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用;2.过去分词与现在分词的错用;3.不定式符号to的多余或缺失;4.to是介词还是不定式符号的误判。精剖析语法突破考点一非谓语动词的形式及意义[题组试做]单句语法填空1.(2019·福州八中质检)(realize)itwasourlasthighschoolsportsmeeting,wedecidedtomakeitanunforgettableexperienceforallofus.Realizing[分析句子结构可知,空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语,realize与主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填Realizing。]2.(2019·蚌埠二中模拟)Greatly(encourage),theteamconductedanotherexperiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.encouraged[分析句子结构可知,空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语,encourage与主语theteam之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故填encouraged。]3.(2019·太原一模)SilkRoadtradestraveledtogetherinlongcaravans(旅行队)ofcamels.Thismodeoftravelprovidedprotectionfromrobberswhomightattempt(rob)thevaluablegoodsbeingtransported.torob[考查不定式。attempt意为“试图,企图”,后跟不定式作宾语,故填torob。][要点解读]非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义一般式todotobedone表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式tobedoing表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生不定式完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前一般式doingbeingdone表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生现在分词/动名词完成式havingdonehavingbeendone表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成ManyChinesebrands,havingdevelopedtheirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉,它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。TherearestillmanyproblemstobesolvedbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前,还有很多问题需要解决。考点二非谓语动词作状语[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·江西五校第一次联考)TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasmadeanappealtoscientists,drugmanufacturersandgovernments.TheWHOwantsthemtoworktogether(develop)drugstofight12bacteria.todevelop[考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语,故填todevelop。]2.(2019·山东烟台期末)Theyputthefoodoutintheirbackyardsandspendtimeintheniceweather,(watch)birds.watching[句意:他们把食物放在后院,然后一边观鸟一边享受明媚的天气。主语They与watch为逻辑上的主动关系,且watch与spend同时发生,故填现在分词watching作伴随状语。]3.(2019·江西宜春中学第一次诊断)(compare)withthewesternmedicine'shighfees,TCM(TraditionalChineseMedicine)hasareasonablepricethatordinarypeoplecanafford.Compared[句意:与西药的高额费用相比,传统中药的价格合理,普通人能够承担得起。comparedwith...为固定结构,在句中作状语,意为“与……相比”。]Ⅱ.单句改错4.(2019·长沙一模)Theboybroughthisguitartothestage,wornafashionablehatwhichmadehimseemsomysterious.worn→wearing[考查非谓语动词。动词wear和主语Theboy之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。]5.(2019·吉林吉大附中月考)Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.Thought→Thinking[分析句子结构可知,Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong在句中作状语,think与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系,因此应用现在分词形式。故将Thought改为Thinking。][要点解读]1.不定式作状语(1)作目的状语,可用soasto/inorderto替换,但soasto一般不可置于句首,意为“为了;想要”。Inordertocalculatetheamountofpower,workisdividedbytime.要计算功率的大小,可将功除以时间。(2)作结果状语,常表示出乎意料的结果,常用于下列结构中:onlytodo;enoughtodo(足够做……);too...todo...(太……而不能……);so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)等。Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(3)作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+todo”结构中。这类形容词有:easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed等。Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.令我们吃惊的是,这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。[易错提醒]语法填空和短文改错中常考查“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中,不定式中的动词必须是及物动词;若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。2.分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Orderedoveraweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveatanytimenow.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的,现在有望随时到货。Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.像古代的船员一样,鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。[易错提醒]部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态。常见的有:located(坐落于),lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着的),lost/absorbed/buriedin(沉溺于),dressedin(穿着),tiredof(厌烦的),facedwith(面对着)。Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于专心绘画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3.独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常用的有:generally/frankly/roughly/strictlyspeaking,talkingof,speakingof,judgingfrom/by,takingeverythingintoconsideration,comparedto/with,tobefrank,totell(you)thetruth,tobehonest,tomakethingsworse等。Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromHongKong.从口音判断,他是香港人。Totellyouthetruth,Iamalittletired.说实话,我有点累。4.独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构。独立主格结构的特点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑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