2020高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the s

必修三Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars课前三言两语三言1．Chinasentupitsfirstsatellitecompletelydesignedandbuiltbymiddleschoolstudentsin2017.2．Aftera21­hourtriptospace,theastronautlandedsafely,makingChinathethirdcountrytosendapersonintospaceafterRussiaandtheUSA.3．Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,itbeganwitha“BigBang”．两语1．一些科学家宣称他们找到了外星人在天空存在的证据。Somescientistsclaimedthattheyhadfoundsomeevidence________________________．2．中国成功把第一位宇航员送往天空的消息曾震惊了整个世界。Thenewsonceshockedthewholeworld.thataliensexistedinspacethatChinahadmanagedtosendthefirstastronautintospace基础知识梳理[单词拼写应用]核心单词1．n．大气层；气氛2.vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽3．adv.因此；于是4．adj.温和的；文雅的5．n．气候atmosphereexhaustthusgentleclimate核心单词6．vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落7．n．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8．vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物9．n．系统；体系；制度10．n．学说；理论crashpullfloatsystemtheory[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空1．Atruckwentoutofcontroland(crash)intothebackofabus.2．Hefoundsomething(float)onthelake,whichfrightenedhim.3．Afterhisjourneyfromabroad，RichardJonesreturnedhome，_____________(exhaust)．crashedfloatingexhausted4．Theoldscientisttoldhisstudentsthatscientific(theory)mustbebasedonfacts.5．Myuncle'scarcaughtfirebytheroad.Fortunately,he(pull)outofthecarbyapasser­by.waspulledtheories拓展单词1．violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→n．暴力→adv.暴力地；猛烈地2．likevt.喜欢prep.像→prep.与……不同；不像→vt.不喜欢；讨厌3．harmn．&vt.伤害→adj.有害的→adj.无害的violenceviolentlyunlikedislikeharmfulharmless拓展单词4．existvi.存在；生存→n．存在；生存5．puzzlen．谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→adj.感到困惑的→adj.令人困惑的6．religionn．宗教；宗教信仰→adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的7.reactv．反应→n．反应；回应existencepuzzledpuzzlingreligiousreaction[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空1．Therewasalookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecauseaproblemher.(puzzle)2．Lastnightwehadadiscussion,whichwastobecomemoreandmore__________．Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneveruse________whateverhappens.(violent)puzzledpuzzlingpuzzledviolentviolence3．Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydotoyourphysicalhealth,butitisalsotoyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoinadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)4．Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinanybutmeanwhileherespectsothers'freedom.(religion)5．Doyoubelievetheofghosts?Perhapstheyonlyinthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)harmharmfulharmreligionreligiousexistenceexist阅读单词1．fundamentaladj.2．chainn．3．dissolvevt.&vi.4．multiplyvi.&vt.乘；增加基本的；基础的链子；连锁；锁链溶解；解散5.gravityn．6．extinctadj.7．solaradj.8．satelliten．9.spaceshipn．10．mammaln．11．lessenvi.&vt.12．weightlesslyadv.失重地万有引力；重力灭绝的；绝种的太阳的；日光的卫星；人造卫星宇宙飞船哺乳动物减少；减轻(2017·浙江卷)Macheardalargevehiclebehindhim.Hepulledinfrontofitasthewolfwascatchingupfast,justadozenyardsawaynow.________停车[短语多维应用]高频短语1．及时；终于2．阻止；制止3．既然4．感到高兴；感到振奋5．下蛋6．产生；分娩givebirthtointimeprevent...fromnowthatcheeruplayeggs[语境运用](填入一个适当的词)Now①weallunderstandthatthehazeisharmfultoourhealth，weshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestopreventit②gettingfrombadtoworse.Nomatterwhathappens，wemustcheer③andtrytoreducethepollution.Ifwekeepon，we'llsucceed④time.thatfromupin高频短语7．轮到某人8．密切注意；当心；提防9．依靠；取决于10．突发；爆发11．挡住(光线)12．熟悉；掌握；理解13．在午夜atmidnightinone'sturnwatchoutfordependonbreakoutblockoutgetthehangof[语境运用](填入一个适当的词)Afirebroke⑤____inthebuildinglastnight.Luckily，thefirefightersarrivedintimeandputoutthefire.Wewerewarnedtowatchout⑥____electricityandgaswhencookingourmeals.Thankstothefirefighters'help，wewerenotinjured.Theyarethementhatwecandepend⑦___whenweareintrouble.outforon[句式结构仿写]教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1．make＋it＋adj.＋forsb.＋todoThisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我认为我们参加晚宴时带点小礼物是个好主意。Iasmallgiftwhenweattendadinnerparty.thinkitagoodideatobring2.倍数表达法ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信我这次能成功。Idevoted_________________Ididbefore，soIbelieveIwillsucceedthistime.threetimesasmuchtimeandenergyas3.nowthat引导原因状语从句...walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)既然你对我校这么感兴趣，为什么不来看看呢？_________________________________________,whynotcomehereandhavealook？Nowthatyouaresointerestedinourschool重难考点探究1．harmfuladj.有害的(1)beharmfulto对……有害harmlessadj.无害的(2)cause/doharmto...对……造成伤害/有害(3)thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没有害处theharmfuleffectsoftobacco烟草的害处beharmfultochildren'steeth对儿童的牙齿有害[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(广东卷)Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmful___people.②(2019·浙江卷)However,nopraisefromparentsalsodoesharm___theirself­confidence.③Hemaynotbeabletohelpbutthere'snoharmin(ask)him.totoasking[链接写作]——一句多译有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。①Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,________________________________．(harmful)②Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,_____________________________________．(harm)whichisveryharmfultotheirhealthwhichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth2．existvi.存在，生存(1)existin在于……existon＝liveon靠……生存Thereexist(s)...有……(2)existencen．存在；实有；生活；生活方式comeintoexistence出现；产生(3)existingadj.现存的；现行的[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexistingthelittlemoneyhe'searning.②(2019·北京卷)Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustand(exist)relationships.③(2019·江苏卷)Soscientistsaretryingtheirbesttosavethespeciesfromgoingoutof(exist).existenceonexisting[链接写作]——词汇升级(普通表达)Scientistshaveman