第4讲代词近几年高考在代词上主要考查其基本用法,相对比较简单。考生在解题时要根据语意语境去判断人称和数,要认真阅读上下文,看清指代对象,并注意分析其成分以确定代词的格。未来高考对代词的考查仍将侧重其基本用法,且会加强语境的复杂性。考点感悟语法填空语法填空中对代词的考查侧重于对人称代词、物主代词、反身代词及替代词和it的考查。感1.(2019·浙江杭州外国语学校高三月考)________(it)isdifficulttofigureoutwheretheminersareandreachthemintime.答案:It此处it是形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语,故答案为It。短文改错短文改错中主要考查代词的指代错误、代词数与格的误用,人称代词与反身代词的误用及物主代词、不定代词的错用等。感1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironment..._____________________答案:yourselves→themselves此处指代主语customers,要用themselves。语法填空2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind________(they)alive.答案:them跟在动词find后作宾语,故应用人称代词的宾格形式。3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby________(it)mother.答案:its修饰名词mother,应用形容词性物主代词。4.(2019·青海西宁三校高三联考)It'safascinatingeventforvisitorstoabsorb________(they)inthefestiveatmosphereinthemuseum.答案:themselves短语absorboneselfin表示“集中注意力在……上”,指代visitors,故填themselves。悟1.学会判断是否该填代词高考时代词的考查有时给提示词,有时不给提示词,如果没有给提示词,且简单句中缺少主语或宾语,这时一般要填代词,主要包括人称代词、替代词和it;如果所给提示词为代词,则人称代词需要考虑变为宾格、物主代词或反身代词以及it变为its等。2.学会判断该填何种代词①根据所作成分(参考考点素能一)。②根据所指对象:这类通常是考查替代词,一般也不给提示词,如that,those,one(s),it等。③it用法:主要考查作形式主语或形式宾语或固定结构。④代词的固定搭配:如one...another,some...theother...等。短文改错2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Asakid,Ilovetowatchcartoons,but...Theywouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain._____________________答案:us→me根据上下文可知,谈话的对象应为“我”。3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown,andhewasstrongandpowerful._____________________答案:himself→him此处意为“他有深沉的嗓音,这使他与他人区分开”。4.(2019·四川绵阳高三第二次诊断)Thoseoutofclassactivitiesindeedhelpedusrelievethepressurefromlearning,andpromotedusenthusiasmforfuturestudy._____________________答案:第二个us→our此处表述“激发了我们对未来学习的热情”。用形容词性物主代词修饰名词enthusiasm“热情”。5.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents._____________________答案:parents前加his根据句意“五分钟后,托尼看见了他的父母”可知答案。悟1.代词前后要一致①看到代词要考虑它与指代内容的数及所有格是否一致;②看到不定代词要考虑它的含义、特点、作用及与其他相近不定代词的区别;③切莫受汉语影响而导致代词的误加或遗漏。2.夯实基础语法知识一方面考生要熟悉代词所作成分及考试形式,如,修饰名词常用形容词性物主代词,单独使用常用名词性物主代词;另一方面要牢记常见的代词的区别。此外在做题时,还要注意从语意、语境上去考虑,这样才能做到万无一失。考点素能一根据句子成分,确定代词形式1.作主语,用人称代词主格。2.作宾语或表语,用人称代词宾格。3.作定语,修饰一个名词,用形容词性物主代词。4.作主语、宾语或表语,且常单独使用,用名词性物主代词。5.作宾语、表语或同位语,且反射句子主语,用反身代词。二根据句式结构和指代内容,判断使用it的情况1.it可指代上文提到过的同一事物或同一内容。2.it可指代天气、时间、距离、金钱等。3.it可作形式主语或宾语,指代不定式、动名词或从句,而把真正的主语或宾语后置。4.某些及物动词(通常是表示情感的动词)或短语不能直接跟从句,须先用it作宾语,再加从句,常见的有like,dislike,hate,love,appreciate,dependon,relyon,counton,seeto等。5.it常用于一些固定搭配中,如makeit(成功),itisnowonderthat...(难怪……),whenitcomesto...(当谈到……),ifIcanhelpit(如果我有办法),assb.putit(正如某人所言),ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(做某事花了某人多长时间),itisthefirsttimethat...(第一次……),itis/was...that/who...(强调句式)等。三根据句式和范围,确定不定代词1.两者:“二者选其一”用either;“二者都不”用neither;“二者都”用both。2.三者或三者以上:“三者或三者以上的任何一个”用any;“三者或三者以上的都不”选用none;“三者或三者以上都”选用all。3.其他:若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another;若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用theother;若表示“其余的,另外的”且在名词前用other;若不跟名词且指代复数,用others。4.肯定句用something,否定句和疑问句用anything。四根据指代意义,确定替代词1.若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that,其复数形式为those。2.若指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”则用one,其复数形式为ones。3.指代同一事物或内容,则用it。过关检测过关检测(限时:30分钟)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Whenhecametolife,hefound________(he)lyingontheground,bleedinginthehead.答案:himself2.Ihopemyparentswon'ttrytoforcemetodo________(they)favoritejob.答案:their3.Sheasked________(I)nameandsaidshedidn'trememberme.答案:my4.—Areyougoingtogetyourowncarafterthetest?—Myparentshavesaidthey'llget________forme.答案:one5.—Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroomnow?—________.Ihavelockedit.答案:None6.Bothteamswereinhardtraining;________waswillingtolosethegame.答案:neither7.WhenIwasontheairplane,Ikepttelling________(I)thatIhadtobestrongwhenfacinganytroublesorproblems.答案:myself8.However,hisfamewasnotaccompaniedbymoneyandhefound________necessarytoreturntofarming.答案:itⅡ.单句改错1.NangisaspecialkindofcakeinXinjiang.Ilikethemverymuch._____________________答案:them→it2.Wearenowbackhome.Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals._____________________答案:them→us3.Finally,Ishouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureandshowthemtheirgreatachievements._____________________答案:their→our4.About36%ofthemarefondofsurfingtheInternet,whichhelpshimknowaboutthelatestnewsandcurrentaffairsintheworld._____________________答案:him→them5.I'dliketointroduceSarahtoyou.Sheisagoodfriendofme._____________________答案:me→mine6.Whereverheis,hemakeshimselfaruletogivehismotheracall._____________________答案:himself→it7.IthinkIcanimprovemealotinthisway,becausewherethereisawill,thereisaway._____________________答案:me→myself8.Therearemanydifficultiesandproblemsthatwecan'tovercomewithonlytheirownefforts._____________________答案:their→ourⅢ.语法填空ForeignerswithbasicChineselanguageskillscangenerallyaskforadviceonrestaurantsorhow__1__(get)tothesubway.Butthefactis,manystillfindit__2__(challenge)tousethelanguageinreal-lifesettings.SomeeventhinkthatnooneinChinaactuallyspeaksPutonghua,atleastnot__3__(nature).ThisisanopinionthatmanyChinesethemselveswouldbequicktoagreewith.However,inasmallcounty__4__(name)Luanping,ChengdeCity,HebeiProvince,youcanmeetthelocals,youngandold,__5__,despitetheireducationlevel,talkexactlyin__6