学校的策略管理

專輯國教之友•第60卷第4期學校的策略管理湯志民國立政治大學教育學系教授教育行政與政策研究所教授一、前言敎・二、策略的基本概念專輯國教之友•第60卷第4期(一)策略的意義(strategystratos-agstrategia2006generalshipNickols,2000StrategystrategosgeneralWeihrich,1982strategy2009a2009a1.2.3.（二）策略的本質200012專輯國教之友•第60卷第4期2009a（三）策略的作用2005（四）策略形成的類型strategyformulationdeliberateemergentcontrallearningMintzberg20058plannedentrepreneurialideologicalumbrellaprocessunconnectedconsensusimposed專輯國教之友•第60卷第4期2009b二、學校的策略分析strategicanalysis2005PorterSWOT2009aSWOT（一）SWOT分析SWOTstrategicpositionsituationanalysis2007MarketingTeacher,2009;Tutor2u,2009bSWOT專輯國教之友•第60卷第4期SWOTHill&Jones,2008SWOT1965SteinerHusseySWOT1960StanfordResearchInstituteS.O.F.T.FfaultFleiserBensoussanSWOTKennethAndrews1971Andrewsdistinctivecompetenceorcorporateresources1970portfoliomodel1980Porter1980SWOTSWOT2008Weihrich1982TOWSSWOT221SOMaxi-Maxi2STMaxi-Mini3WOMini-Maxi4WTMini-Mini2007Weihrich,1982WeihrichSWOT20021S2W3O專輯國教之友•第60卷第4期4T5200212SWOT（二）藍海策略分析2005BlueOceanStrategyKimMauborgne200530150blueoceansvalueinnovationKimMauborgnefouractionsframework1eliminate2reduce3raise4create2005112342005專輯國教之友•第60卷第4期圖1：藍海策略四項行動架構512005｡20061.eliminate敎2.reduce敎105專輯0國教之友•第60卷第4期敎3.raise敎full-time敎10敎敎2006191敎1520Logo敎敎OT4.create敎敎敎敎full-timeOTe敎專輯國教之友•第60卷第4期2FreedomAutonomyCreativityEnergylearningtoknowlearningtodolearningtolivetogetherlearningtobe敎೏ϬϪʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳϪϧʳʳʳʳʳʳʳϬϪʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳϪʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳϪϬϬʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳϬϬʳʳʳʳʳʳʳϧʳʳʳʳʳʳʳϧϬʳʳʳʳʳʳϧϪʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳϧʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳϧʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳʳϪϧ܅ٌຏঁܓᖂسైᔆ৬ᗰய౨ᆖᛜᆖ၄ஃᇷᖂᆖᖵᓰ࿓ኔ᧭ՕᖂᇷᄭϪਙՕॵխʳϬࣔਣ೏խʳϧष೴೏խʳቹ2ΚਙՕॵխऱ࿜ฃ౻ቹᇷறࠐᄭΚᖂீ໌ᄅᆖᛜऱ៴௧࿜ฃʻรˈˉ଄ʼΔྏݳاΔ˅˃˃ˉΖ؄Ε࿜ฃጥ෻ऱᖵ࿓࿜ฃጥ෻ʻstrategicmanagement)এਐิ៣ሎشᔞᅝऱ։ֱ࣫ऄΔᒔࡳิ៣ؾᑑࡉٚ೭Δݮګ࿇୶࿜ฃΔࠀച۩ࠡ࿜ฃࡉၞ۩࿨࣠ေ۷Δאሒګิ៣ؾᑑऱመ࿓(ܦ堚՞ࡉ֚ࣥయΔ200ˆΔร138଄)Ζ੡Աሒګิ៣ؾᑑΔݺଚᏁ૞ԫࠄψૠ྽հݮګፖᆵኔωΔ࿜ฃጥ෻ܛ੡ᖄીຍࠄૠ྽հݮګፖᆵኔऱެ࿜ፖ۩೯(ᄘՏΔ2007)Ζ࿜ฃጥ෻ऱ৸უዝ֏Δֱ۟اࡉ᝻ᖆᅗ(2006)ਐנ۞1950ڣזၲࡨױאូ౏੡؄ଡၸ੄(೶ߠ।1)Κ(1)รԫၸ੄ਢψቃጩ๵ቤω(budgetplanningʼΔڇڼၸ੄խΔತ೭ؾᑑ׌ᖄԱᖞଡ๵ቤመ࿓Δጥ෻ृ֗๵ቤृᣂ֨ऱਢڕ۶๻ࡳإᒔऱቃጩΔא֗ڕ۶௅ᖕ๻ࡳऱቃጩᚵࡳ۩೯ૠ྽Ζ(2)รԲၸ੄ਢψቃྒྷ੡ഗ៕ऱ๵ቤω(forecastbasedplanning)Δጥ෻ᅝݝᄎᎁᢝؘࠩႊ࢏ۼٞᄐऱழၴီ圖2：政大附中的策略草圖562006四、策略管理的歷程strategicmanagement專輯2國教之友•第60卷第4期200313820072006195011budgetplanning2forecastbasedplanning3strategicplanning1strategicmanagement表1：各階段策略思潮所對應的價值系統及管理焦點budgetplanningforecastbasedplanningstrategicplanningstrategicmanagementGluck,F.W.,Kauffman,S.P.andWalker,A.S.,1980.200630專輯國教之友•第60卷第4期FleisherBensoussanstrategicmanagementprocess20072005200320082005200720072008Hill&Jones,2008;Tutor2u,2009aWeihrich,198231visionmissionobjectiveprofile2externalcompetitiveenvironmantopportunitiesthreatsinternaloperatingenvironmantstrentgthsweaknessesSWOTSWOTSWOT345專輯國教之友•第60卷第4期ፘԳ֨ࠀ༼ࠎኄუऱಳޣΙٚ೭(mission)ਢิ៣֮֏ΕᏝଖΕسژऱഗء෻ط֗࿇୶ֱٻऱຫ૪Δ堚ᄑਐנܓ୭ᣂএԳऱຂٚΔࠀאᔞᅝऱዌ૿๻ࡳิ៣ऱᜎயᑑᄷΙؾᑑ(objectiveʼঞ᧩قิ៣ࣔᒔऱრቹፖآࠐ࿇୶ऱᔚኢʻprofile)Δਢאֺለࣔᒔ壄าऱش፿Δ।ሒ੡ኔ෼ᑑऱࢬᚨݙګऱՠ܂Ζٚ۶ิ៣ؘႊ٣ᙇᖗࡉᒔࡳิ៣ऱᣋནΕٚ೭ࡉؾᑑΔ܂੡آࠐܘԺऱֱٻΔڼ੡࿜ฃጥ෻ऱรԫޡΖ(2)ᛩቼ։࣫Κ։࣫ิ៣؆ຝऱᤁञᛩቼ(externalcompetitiveenvironmant)אᒔᎁᖲᄎ(opportunities)ፖ৖ౡ(threats)ΔٵழՈ։࣫ิ៣ऱփຝᛜሎᛩቼ(internaloperatingenvironmant)אԱᇞิ៣ऱᚌႨ(strentgths)ፖ٭Ⴈ(weaknesses)Δ່ൄشऱਢSWOT։࣫ΔڶࠄԳലSWOT։࣫ီ੡࿜ฃ։࣫ऱு֨Δ੷۟ലԲृီ੡ٵᆠဲΔᎁ੡ψ࿜ฃ։࣫༉ਢ೚SWOTωΔࠀ܂੡ᚵࡳૠ྽ࡉച۩࿜ฃऱࠉᖕΔڼ੡࿜ฃጥ෻ऱૹ૞ܓᕴΖ(3)࿜ฃݮګΚ࿜ฃਢᇷᄭ։಻հᖞٽፖ࠰ᓳऱীኪΔ௅ᖕิ៣ࢬ๻ࡳऱᣋནٚ೭ऱؾᑑΕิ៣؆ຝᛩቼ֗փຝᛩቼေ۷Δࠐ༈ޣױ౨ऱ࿜ฃֱூΔࠀၞ۩࿜ฃᙇᖗΔڕᙇᖗิ៣ᚌႨՂऱ࿜ฃΔଥإิ៣ऱ٭ႨΔࠀܓش؆ຝऱᖲᄎࡉኙݼ؆ຝऱ৖ౡΖᙇࡳ࿜ฃֱூ৵Δঁ૞ၞԫޡ࿇୶ګ಻୚ऱ࿜ฃ᧯ߓΔץਔ᜔᧯࿜ฃΕࠃᄐ࿜ฃፖפ౨࿜ฃΔڼ੡࿜ฃጥ෻ऱૹ૞೎იΔאႪፋګԫױ۩ऱᆖᛜᑓڤΖ(4)࿜ฃച۩Κ௅ᖕࢬݮګऱ࿜ฃΔٌבઌᣂ໢ۯࡉԳ୉ച۩Δച۩ਢࣔᒔऱޡᨏΔشאኔᔌؾᑑፖ๵ቤΔ੡ֱூ༼ࠎࣔᒔऱެ࿜Δٵழิ៣ؘႊ࿇୶ԫ୚ઌኙᚨऱิ៣᧢଀ૠ྽ࠐᓳᖞ࿨ዌΕԳ୉Ε֮֏ፖ᧯ࠫ࿛Δא಻ٽࢬ૞ച۩ऱ࿜ฃٚ೭Δڼ੡࿜ฃጥ෻ऱኔᎾሎ܂Ζ(5)ګயေ۷Κګயေ۷ਢᛀီኔਜऱ࿨࣠ፖᜎய៿਷Δ༉ิ៣ᣋནΕٚ೭Εؾᑑፖച۩ൣݮၞ۩ຏᒌऱᛀಘΔאԱᇞ൓؈Δ܂੡آࠐଥإؾᑑࢨޏၞૠ྽ऱ೶ەΖቹ3Κ࿜ฃጥ෻ᖵ࿓ᇷறࠐᄭΚᖂீ໌ᄅᆖᛜ෻࢚ፖ࿜ฃհ൶࣫ʻร˄ˇˇ଄ʼΔྏݳاΔ˅˃˃ˌ˴Ζʳ੺ࡳิ៣ᣋནΕٚ೭ፖؾᑑᛩቼ։࣫࿜ฃݮګ࿜ฃച۩ګயေ۷圖3：策略管理歷程1442009a五、結語2004參考文獻200620052004200020032002SWOT114-112008專輯國教之友•第60卷第4期2005200628｡16563-802009a2009125-161｡2009b200931-103200520072008Hill,C.W.L.,&Jones,G.R.2008.Strategicmanagementtheory:Anintegratedapproach8thed..Boston,MA:HoughtonMifflinCompany.MarketingTeacher2009.SWOTanalysis:Lesson.RetrievedJanuary28,2009,from:AGuidedtourthroughthewildsofstrategicmanagement.NewYork:FreePress.Tutor2u2009b.Strategy-SWOTanalysis.RetrievedJanuary29,2009,from