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0011學齡前幼童在人際衝突中目標訂定與解決策略之性別差異王 琳中原大學心理系摘 要11關鍵詞： 兒童與教育研究GenderDifferenceofGoalSettingandSelectingStrategiesinInterpersonalConflictWangLinDepartmentofPsychology,ChungYuanUniversityAbstractThepresentstudyisdesignedtoexaminehowpreschoolchildrenestablishtheirgoalsaswellastheirpreferredstrategiesusedininterpersonalconflicts.Forty-onepreschoolboysandforty-onegirlsparticipatedinaninterviewwheretenhypotheticalconflictsituationswereintroduced.TheirverbalresponseswerecodedandanalyzedinGoalsandStrategieschildrenwoulduseinthesituation.Theresultsdidnotshowstatisticallysignificantdifferencesinsettinggoalsbetweengenders.However,itrevealedsignificantgenderdifferencesinstrategieschosenfortheconflictsituations.Boysreportedusingbehaviorallyassertivestrategiesmorefrequentlywhilegirlsreportedtheyusinginviting,seekingforhelpandverballyassertivestrategies.Theimplicationsfromdevelopmentalperspectivearediscussed.Keywords:peerconflict,goalssetting,conflictstrategies,genderdifference,preschooler 學齡前幼童在人際衝突中目標訂定與解決策略之性別差異 壹、導論001;Walker,Irving&Berthelsen,00Hartup&Laursen,1Shantz1oppositionHartup,Laursen,Stewart,Eastenson1three-unitexchangesRose-Krasnor,1 兒童與教育研究ChungAsher1aggressivestrategiesprosocialstrategieshelp-seekingstrategiesyield/withdrawalstrategiesLindeman,HarakkaKeltikangas-Jarvinen11DelveauxDaniels000Maccoby&Martin,1Crick&Grotpeter,1;Tomada&Schneider,1 學齡前幼童在人際衝突中目標訂定與解決策略之性別差異 CrickDodge1encodingofcuesinterpretationofcuesclarificationofgoalsresponseaccessorconstructionresponsedecisionbehavioralenactmentCrickDodge1RoseAsher1DelveauxDaniels000ChungAsher1 兒童與教育研究;Crick&Grotpeter,1;Tomada&Schneider,1undifferentiatedandegocentricperspectivetakinglevelSelman,10Rose-Krasnor,1Hart,DeWolf,&Burts,1 學齡前幼童在人際衝突中目標訂定與解決策略之性別差異 貳、方法一、受試者011二、研究工具0000000 兒童與教育研究Hartup,Laursen,Stewart,&Eastenson1Rose&Ascher,1socialdesirability0000- 學齡前幼童在人際衝突中目標訂定與解決策略之性別差異 Kappas0.1.00.1.0三、實驗程序參、結果XX1F1,01F,0110 兒童與教育研究F,0.,p0.001M.-M1.M1.M1.1M0.1M0.1M0.M0.M0.11SVSSdfMSF受試者間0.010.00.1.00.受試者內0.0..***.1.100.110.01.11.1**p0.01XX10F,01.,p0.001SVSSdfMSF受試者間0.010.00.11.100.01受試者內..1.***1...0**100.0.011.1**p0.01 學齡前幼童在人際衝突中目標訂定與解決策略之性別差異 11F,0.0,p0.001SVSSdfMSF性別差異在1.11.0.0.10.0..01.01.10.1..*0.0110.010.01.1..0*.1..*0.10.1.*0.0110.010.010.010.00.10101.001.*p0.0F,00.,p0.0F,00.0,p0.0F,00.,p0.0F,001.,p0.0M1.1,M0.1M1.,M1.1M1.,M0.M0.,M=1.1 兒童與教育研究1.0.01.0.1a0.01.1a0.a1.a0.0.1..011.0.0.11.11.11.0.0.0.1.1.11.1b0.01.b1.b0.b0.0.0.1.1.1.0..1.11.10.0.ab肆、討論 學齡前幼童在人際衝突中目標訂定與解決策略之性別差異 1Eccles&Jacobs,10Snow,Jacklin&Maccoby,1Hart,DeWolf,Woznizk,&Burts,1;Kuczynski,1;McGrath,Wilson&Frassetto,1;Wang,00CrickDodgeChungAsher,1;DelveauxDaniels,000;Rose&Asher,11 兒童與教育研究參考資料一、中文部份00,000001000 學齡前幼童在人際衝突中目標訂定與解決策略之性別差異 1二、西文部份Chung,T.Y.,&Asher,S.R.(1).Children'sgoalsandstrategiesinpeerconflictsituations.MerrillPalmerQuarterly,,1-1.Crick,N.R.,&Dodge,K.A.(1).Areviewandreformulationofsocialinformation-processingmechanismsinchildren'ssocialadjustment.PsychologicalBulletin,11,-101.Crick,N.R.,&Grotpeter,J.K.(1).Relationalaggression,gender,andsocial-psychologicaladjustment.ChildDevelopment,66,10-.Delveaux,K.D.,&Daniels,T.(000).Children'ssocialcognitions:Physicallyandrelationallyaggressivestrategiesandchildren'sgoalsinpeerconflictsituations.MerrillPalmerQuarterly,46,-.Eccles,J.S.&Jacobs,J.E.(10).Genderrolestereotypes,expectancyeffects,andparents'socializationofgenderdifferences.JournalofSocialIssues,46,1.Hart,C.H.,DeWolf,D.M.,Wozniak,P.,&Burts,D.C.(1).Maternalandpaternaldisciplinarystyles:Relationswithpreschoolers'playgroundbehavioralorientationsandpeerstatus.ChildDevelopment,(),-.Hart,C.H.,DeWolf,M.,&Burts,D.C.(1).Parentaldisciplinarystrategiesandpreschoolers’playbehaviourinplaygroundsettings.InC.H.Hart(Ed.),Childrenonplaygrounds:Researchperspectivesandapplications(pp.1–1).Albany,NY:StateUniversityofNewYorkPress.Hartup,W.W.,&Laursen,B.(1).Conflictandcontextinpeerrelations.InHart,C.H.(Ed).Childrenonplaygroundsresearchperspectivesandapplications.NewYork:MarilynSemerad.Hartup,W.W.,Laursen,B.,Stewart,M.I.,&Eastenson,A.(1).Conflictandthefriendshiprelationsofyoungchildren.ChildDevelopment,59,10-100.Kuczynski,L.(1).Socializationgoalsandmother-childinteraction:Strategiesforlong-termandshort-termcompliance.DevelopmentalPsychology,20(),101-10.Lindeman,M.,Harakka,T.,&Keltikangas-Jarvinen,L.(1).Ageandgenderdifferencesinadolescents'reactionstoconflictsituations:Aggression,prosociality,andwithdrawal.JournalofYouthandAdolescence,26,-1.1 兒童與教育研究Maccoby,E.E.,&Martin,J.A.(1).Socializationintheco