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Unit6AtonewithnatureUsinglanguage“介词+which”引导的定语从句【语用功能】在“介词+which”引导的定语从句中,介词的选择,一定要具体情况具体分析,有时候要根据从句的动词来定,有时候也要考虑动词与先行词的搭配,有时候也根据主句的意义来确定。“介词+which”引导的定语从句相对正式,多用于书面语言。【情境探究】观察上面对话,并完成句子:(1)Thisistheroom______________heusedtolive.这就是他住过的房间。(2)Thisistheroom__________heusedtolivein.这是他过去居住过的房间。inwhich/wherewhich/that(3)Theschool______________heoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经学习的那所学校很出名。where/inwhich【要义详析】引导定语从句时where与inwhich有时可互换,有时不能互换,注意以下几点:一、关系副词与“介词+which”互换的情形当“介词+which”在定语从句中作时间、地点和原因状语时,可以用相应的关系副词when,where和why来替换。1.when根据情况可以等于inwhich,atwhich,onwhich等。如:*Thedaywhen(=onwhich)shearrivedwasThursday.她到的那天是星期四。*JulyandAugustarethemonthswhen(=inwhich)theweatherishot.七八月是天气很热的月份。这种替换有时出现在非限制性定语从句中。如:*We’llputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,when(=bythen)theweathermaybebetter.我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点。2.where根据情况可以等于inwhich,atwhich,onwhich等。如:*Thisisthehotelwhere(=inwhich/atwhich)theywerestaying.这就是他们当时住的旅店。*Doyouremembertheplacewhere(=atwhich)wehadlunch?你记得我们吃午饭的地方吗?这种替换有时出现在非限制性定语从句中。如:*TheTowerofLondon,where(=inwhich)somanypeoplelosttheirlives,isnowatouristattraction.在伦敦塔中曾有许多人丧命,它现在是旅游胜地。3.why若要换成“介词+which”只能是forwhich。如:*Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)Icameherewastobewithmyfamily.我到这里来的原因是要跟我的家里人在一起。*Mysuccessinbusiness,thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hedislikesme,hasbeenduetohardwork.他为我在事业上的成功而不喜欢我,我的成功归功于我努力工作。但是,反过来,forwhich并不一定能换成why。如:*Thedocumentsforwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.他们找寻的文件已经找到了。二、关系副词与“介词+which”不能互换的情形1.有些语境需要用特定的介词来明确其关系,此时若换成关系副词,则会导致意思不明确或句意不通顺。如:*TheladderonwhichIwasstandingbegantoslip.我脚下的梯子开始向下滑动。(句中的onwhich不能换成where,否则意思不明确)*ThisIdidatnineo’clock,afterwhichIsatreadingthepaper.九点钟时我做这事,之后我坐着看报。(句中的afterwhich不能换成when,否则意思不明确)2.当“介词+which”后面接有被which修饰的名词时,通常不能用关系副词代替。如:*Wearrivedatnoon,bywhichtimetheparadewasover.我们是中午到的,这时游行已结束。(句中的bywhichtime不能换成when或where,因为which后跟有它所修饰的名词time)3.当“介词+which”并不表示时间、地点或原因时,自然不能换成关系副词。如:*TherearethreeprincipalroutesbywhichonecandrivetoNorthWales.开车到北威尔士,有3条主要路线可走。(句中的bywhich不能换成when或where,因为这里的bywhich并不表示时间或地点,介词by在此表示“通过”)*Thisisasubjectaboutwhichwemightargueforalongwhile.这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。(句中的aboutwhich不能换成when或where,因为这里的aboutwhich并不表示时间或地点,介词about在此表示“关于”,所涉及的搭配是argueabout)【即学活用】单句语法填空(1)Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_____whichhewentontoCambridge.(2)Guncontrolisasubject_____whichAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.(3)Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy__whichwemayreturninthenearfuture.afteraboutto(4)TheEnglishplay__whichmystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.(5)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,__whichthesailingtimewas226days.(6)Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes__whichpeoplewereeatenbythetiger.inofin(7)Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,__whichtheconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.(8)Theplace__whichthebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe______thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.世纪金榜导学号ofatwhere