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Unit1Knowingme,knowingyouUsinglanguage过去分词作状语【语用功能】过去分词起副词的作用,在句中作状语,它的正确运用能使句子更好地表情达意。【情境探究】观察上面对话,并完成下列题目:(1)作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,或称为_____关系。(2)Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.→________________________,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.被动Seenfromthetopofthehill(3)Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythefilm,thechildrenbegantocry.→______________________,thechildrenbegantocry.Deeplymovedbythefilm【要义详析】一、过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语,可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果,相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语,且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。1.作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等,使其时间意义更明确。*Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.当被问到对教学工作的观点时,菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有意义。2.作原因状语相当于原因状语从句或并列句。*Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.=BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinpainting,hedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.=Johnwasabsorbedinpainting,sohedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于专心画画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3.作条件状语相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if,unless等转换成条件状语从句。*Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.=Ifitisusedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.如果用得仔细的话,一罐可以够用六周。4.作让步状语相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether...or...等连词转换成让步状语从句。*Defeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.=Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.尽管被对手击败,但是他从没放弃希望。5.作方式、伴随状语相当于and连接的并列句。*Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved.=Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.她接受了礼物,深深地被感动了。【名师点津】有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构,作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);dressedin(穿着);tiredof(厌烦)。*Lostinthought,hedidn’thearthebell.由于陷入沉思之中,他没有听到铃声。【即学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空(1)_________(develop)bytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.(2)______(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.DevelopedRaised(3)Children,when____________(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.(4)________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.(5)__________(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.accompaniedFoundedTranslated二、过去分词作状语时的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时,通常放在句首;作伴随、结果状语时,通常放在句末;作方式状语时,一般放在句末,有时也放在句首;作让步状语时,一般放在句首,有时也放在句末。*Toldthathismotherwasill,LiLeihurriedhomequickly.(原因状语)得知母亲生病了,李雷迅速赶回了家。*Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.(方式状语)老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。三、过去分词的独立结构作状语过去分词作状语时,有时在分词前加上自己的主语,这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构。过去分词的独立结构在句中作状语时,通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。*Muchtimespentsittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.很多时间都坐在办公桌旁,办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。【即学活用】用独立主格结构作状语改写句子(1)Afterthelecturewasgiven,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.→_______________,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.Thelecturegiven(2)Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,___________________toforeigncountries.(3)Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.→________________tothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.noneofthemshippedExtramoneygiven四、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即表示被动;现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即表示主动。【巧学助记】分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语,主语是问题。前后两动作,共用一主语。主语找出后,再来判关系。主动用-ing,被动用-ed。*Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.(动宾关系)由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。*Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful.(主谓关系)在使用这本书时,我发现它很有用。【名师点津】无论是现在分词还是过去分词,其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致,则必须用状语从句或独立主格结构等其他表达形式。Givingmoretime,wecanfinishthework.()Givenmoretime,wecanfinishthework.()Ifwearegivenmoretime,wecanfinishthework.()Moretimegiven,wecanfinishthework.()×√√√【即学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空(1)WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,______(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.世纪金榜导学号(2)—WhereisJimmy?—JustnowIsawhimsittingunderthetree,________(absorb)inhisvideogames.tellingabsorbed