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Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroSectionⅣGrammar&Writing定语从句(Ⅱ)第一板块单元语法1．ThetimeIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.2．Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyerIwentforadvice.3．HewasgenerouswithhistimeIwasgrateful.4．TheschoolIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.whentowhomforwhichwhere5．However,thiswasatimeonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.6．ThedayNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.7．...untiltodaywehavereachedastagewehavealmostnorightsatall.8．...wewereputintoapositionwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant，orfightthegovernment.whenwhenwhereinwhich一、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词的指代及功能关系副词先行词功能when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason原因状语1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttraveledbyplane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。Wewillneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。I'dliketoliveinthehousewherethereisplentyofsunshine.我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。Finally，wegottoafactory,wheremanymobilephonesofhighqualitywereproduced.最后，我们来到一家工厂，在那里许多高质量的手机被生产出来。3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。Canyouexplainthereason(＝forwhich)whyyoudon'thelphim?你能解释一下为什么不帮助他吗？Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn'tcometohisbirthdayparty?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？[名师指津]表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语时，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则应用关系代词。试比较：Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)Iwon'tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)[即时演练1]——对比填空：that，which,when，where,why①Iwillneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.②Iwillneverforgetthedayswestayedtogether.③Thereasonheexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound.④Thereasonhewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.⑤Keepthebookinaplaceyoucanfinditeasily.⑥Thisisthehousewasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.that/whichwhenthat/whichwhywherewhich/that二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据：1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous.昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(befamousfor“因……而出名”)2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(withcamera“用照相机”)ThebossinwhosecompanyMrKingworkedheardabouttheaccident.金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。(intheboss'company)3．根据句子的意思来选择。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。Ihaveabout10books,halfofwhichwerewrittenbyMoYan.我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。[名师指津]在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如lookafter，lookfor等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(误)[即时演练2]——关系代词或介词填空①Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.②ThegirltoyoutalkedjustnowisourEnglishteacher.③Thedaywillcomewhichwewillwinthefinalvictory.④Thewomanwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourcompany.⑤Thedeathofhissonwasanexperiencewhichheneverfullyrecovered.whichwhomonwithfromⅠ.单句语法填空1．Thereasonshechangedhermindisquiteclear.2．Thedaystheytravelledtogethermeantalottohim.3．Isawahouse,thewindowsofwerebroken.4．Shehastwosons,bothofgraduatedfromHarvardUniversity.5．Nobodyknowsthereasonforshedidn'tattendthemeeting.why/forwhichwhenwhichwhomwhich6．Wewentthroughaperiodcommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.7．Thechildren,allofhadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.8．Wevisitedthecarfactorymyuncleonceworkedthreeyearsago.9．ThisisthefactoryIvisitedlastyear.10．Theoldmanhastwosons,andbothofarelawyers.whenwhomwherethat/whichthemⅡ.单句改错1．ThisisthehousewhichIlivedlastyear.2．Theoldwomanwithwhoyoutalkedjustnowisafamousartist.3．Thereasonwhyheexplainedtousisquiteclear.4．Wemadeasurveyamongthestudents,78%ofthemvoteLeetheirmonitor.5．I'llneverforgetthedayswhichIworkedtogetherwithyou.which→wherewho→whomwhy→that/whichthem→whomwhich→whenⅢ.语法与写作1．他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。Thereasonwasthathewasillinbed.2．我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。Wearelivinginanageoncomputer.whyhecouldnotgotherewhenmanythingsaredone3．毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。Aftergraduationhereturnedtothesmalltown.4．我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。Idon'tliketheway.5．他是我的一个老同学，我前几天在街上偶然遇见了(comeacross)他。Heisoneofmyoldschoolmates,theotherdayinthestreet.where/inwhichhegrewup(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourparentswhoIcameacross人物介绍第二板块单元写作人物介绍是高考书面表达常见的形式之一，以简单介绍人物的生平为主，这种简短的人物传记内容是人物生平最基本的信息和最重要的事迹。一、基本结构1．人物的基本信息如：生卒年月、出生地、国籍、职业、家庭背景等；2．人物的重要事迹(举例说明)；3．人物及其事迹对社会的贡献或影响；4．作者对人物的评价。二、增分佳句1．He/Shewasoneofthegreatestscientistsinthe20thcentury.他/她是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。2．He/Shewasbornin1911.他/她出生于1911年。3．He/ShestudiedatalocalhighschoolandgraduatedfromBeijingUniversity.他/她曾就读于当地一所高中，毕业于北京大学。4．He/Sheissuchalearned/strongwilledpersonthatwealladmire/respecthim/her.他/她是如此一个博学/意志坚强的人，我们都很钦佩/尊敬他/她。5．He/Shedevotedallhis/herlifetothework.他/她把毕生都致力于工作。6．He/Shemadegreatcontributionstoourcountry.他/她对我们国