2020版高中英语 Unit 4 Earthquakes Section Ⅰ Warming Up

Unit4Earthquakes[话题导读]地震危害性很大，地震是如何发生的呢？地震来临时，我们应该如何做呢？EarthquakesHowdoesanearthquakestart?Whatmakesanearthquakehappen？Therockoftheearth'scrust(地壳)mayhavea“fault”(责任)，akindofbreakinthesurface.Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmove，andsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthecrusttomoveupanddownorlengthways(纵向地)againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforce，alotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations(振动)anditisthesevibrationsthatwefeelasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreece.Whattododuringanearthquake?AtschoolAssoonastheearthquakestarts，studentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershould，atthesametime，goimmediatelytotheteacher'sdesk，getunderneath(在……下面)itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions.Assoonasthetremors(震动)stop，allstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo.AthomeIfyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccurs(发生)，getimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon'tgooutontothebalcony(阳台)．Oncethetremorshavestopped，youcancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift—theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours.InthestreetIfyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplace，donotstandnearbuildings，fencesorwalls—moveawayasquicklyaspossibleandtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Pre-reading&Reading—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewells①rose②andfell,roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracks③inthem.Asmelly④gascameoutofthecracks.Inthefarmyards⑤，thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervousto⑥eat.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide⑦.．m.onJuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky⑧.Inthecity,thewaterpipes⑨insomebuildingscrackedandburst○10.Buttheonemillion⑪peopleofthecity,who⑫thoughtlittleof⑬theseevents⑭，wereasleepasusualthatnight.．m.everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasif⑮theworldwasatanend⑯！Elevenkilometresdirectly⑰belowthecityoneofthegreatestearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometresaway⑱.One­thirdofthenation⑲feltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswide⑳cutacross○21houses,roadsandcanals○22.Steam○23burstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt○24.Infifteenterriblesecondsalarggecitylayinruins○25.Thesuffering○26ofthepeoplewasextreme○27.Two­thirds○28ofthemdiedorwereinjured○29duringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberof○30peoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Buthowcouldthesurvivors○31believeitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearly○32everythingwasdestroyed○33.Allofthecity'shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone○34.Bricks○35covered○36thegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblowthemaway.Twodams○37fellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytracks○38werenowuseless○39piecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsof○40cowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked○41.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake○42whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan○43.Someoftherescue○44workersanddoctorsweretrapped○45undertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricity○46werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonder○47howlongthedisaster○48wouldlast.Allhopewasnotlost○49.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigout○50thosewhoweretrappedandtobury○51thedead.Tothenorthof○52thecity,mostofthe10,000miners○53wererescuedfrom○54thecoalmines○55there.Workersbuiltshelters○56forsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed○57.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybytrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.[再记住]①well[wel]n．井②risevi.上升；升高(不及物动词，不用于被动语态)③crack[kræk]n．裂缝；噼啪声vt.&vi.(使)开裂；破裂④smelly['smelΙ]adj.发臭的；有臭味的⑤farmyard['fɑːmjɑːd]n．农场；农家⑥too...to...太……而不能……⑦现在分词短语作伴随状语。⑧when引导时间状语从句，even用在when前起加强语气的作用。⑨pipe[paΙp]n．管；导管⑩burst[bɜːst]vi.爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发⑪million['mΙljən]n．百万○12whothoughtlittleoftheseevents是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰people。⑬thinklittleof几乎不考虑；对……不重视，忽视⑭event[Ι'vent]n．事件；大事⑮asif仿佛；好像在Itseems/seemedasif中asif引导表语从句。⑯atanend结束；终结⑰directlyadv.径直；直接⑱which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beijing。⑲nation['neΙʃn]n．民族；国家；国民⑳thatwaseight...是that引导的定语从句，修饰crack,that在从句中作主语，不可省略。○21cutacross横切；穿过；抄近路○22canal[kə'næl]n．运河；水道○23steam[stiːm]n．蒸汽；水汽○24dirt[dɜːt]n．污垢；泥土○25inruins严重受