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[考情分析]情态动词本身有一定的词义，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语，情态动词是每年高考的热点和难点。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的用法区别等。Ⅰ.基础点拨情态动词＋havedone的用法归纳：1．may/might＋havedone表示对不太有把握的过去情况的可能性推测，表示“可能/大概(已经)做了某事”的意思。*TommayhavegonetoShanghai,butI'mstillnotsureaboutit.汤姆可能已经去了上海，但是我还不能肯定。2．can/could＋havedone表示对过去的推测，用于否定句、疑问句中，还可以表示“本来可以做；可能已经做”。*Shecan'thavebeentoyourhouse.Shedoesn'tknowyouraddress.她不可能去过你家，她不知道你的地址。*Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyouweretoocareless.你本来能够做得更好，但你太粗心了。3．must＋havedone表示对过去发生的事情或行为的较有把握的推测，是一种“十有八九”的肯定的推断，常译为“想必一定；准是”等。这一结构一般不用作否定式。否定意义的表达可用can't/couldn'thavedone。*Thegroundisratherwet,soitmusthaverainedlastnight,didn'tit?地面很湿，所以昨晚一定下雨了，对不对？4．should/oughtto＋havedone表示过去该做某事而没有做的情况，表示说话人后悔、遗憾或责备的语气。*IreallyregretwastingthehourswhenIshouldhavestudiedhard,butitistoolate.我真的很后悔该努力学习的时候浪费了太多时间，但现在太晚了。[名师点津]shouldn't/oughtn'tto＋havedone表示过去不该做某事却已经做了，也表示说话人后悔或责备的语气。Youshouldn'thavewatchedTVlastnight.你们昨晚本不应该看电视的。5．needn't＋havedone表示过去做了其实不必去做的事，可译为“本可不必”等。*Youneedn'thavevisitedmyuncle,ashehasbeenallrightforalongtime.其实你不必去探望我叔叔的，因为他已经痊愈了好长一段时间了。Ⅱ.难点突破1．情态动词＋havedone有两个主要用法：一是表示对过去的动作或存在的状态的推测。二是表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备。要关注两种用法的差别。*Theylefthereearlyandshouldhavearrivedbynow.(表示推测)他们一早就离开了这里，现在应该到了。*Youshouldhavefinishedtheworkyesterday.(表示责备)你应该昨天就完成工作的。2．注意needn'thavedone与didn'tneed结构的不同Sheneedn'thavecometoseemeyesterday.昨天她本可不必来看我。(实际上来了)*Shedidn'tneedtocometoseemeyesterday.昨天她不需要来看我。(实际上没来)3．含有musthavedone结构句子的反义疑问句的构成*HemusthavestudiedEnglishlastnight，didn'the?昨晚他一定学英语了，是吧？*Shemusthaveheardofthis,hasn'tshe?她肯定已经听说过这件事了，对吧？[名师点津]当含有musthavedone结构的句子中有表示过去的时间状语时，反义疑问句要用相应表示过去的助动词，否则就用have或has构成反义疑问句。[即时训练1]单句填空1．Youweretoocarelessthatdayandyoumight__________(make)abadmistake.2．Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He________havedrunktoomuchatthepartylastnight.3．Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You________________(leave)homewithoutaword.4．—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.You________havemadefullpreparations.5．MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe____________haveattendedyourlecture.havemademustshouldn'thaveleftshouldcan't/couldn't[即时训练2]根据汉语提示完成句子1．Hemaynot____________(完成)thework.2．—Jenny,Ihavewashedyourclothesforyou.—Thanks.You________________(本没有必要做)it.Icouldmanageitmyself.3．—Mike,Ican'tfindmywatchanywhere.—You________________________(有可能把它丢了)whileworkingout.havefinishedneedn'thavedonemay/mighthavelostit4．Therewasalotoffunatyesterday'sparty.You____________________(原本该来),butwhydidn'tyoucome?5．—Mummy,Iclimbedtogettheteddybearfromthetopoftheshelf.—Mygoodness.You________________(可能会伤到)yourself.shouldhavecomemighthavehurtⅠ.根据汉语提示用恰当的情态动词填空1．—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You________(本能够)havestayedwithBarbara.2．Ididn'thearthephone.I________(一定)havebeenasleep.3．Shedidn'tgetthereintime.She________(可能)havemissedthebus.4．He________(不可能)havegoneabroad;Isawhimanhourago.couldmustmay/mightcan't5．Theflowershavedied.I________(本应该)havewateredthemoften.6．Oh,Iamnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I________(本不应该)haveeatensomuchfriedchickenjustnow.7．Hepaidforaseat,whenhe________(本能够)haveenteredfree.8．Youdosowell,Ithoughtyou________(可能)havehadsomeexperience.shouldshouldn'tcouldmightⅡ.完成句子1．YesterdayJanewalkedawayfordiscussion,otherwise,she____________________________shewouldregretlater.昨天简没有参加讨论。否则，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。2．—Irangyourhomeyesterday.AmanansweredbutIdidn'trecognizethevoice.—Oh，it________________________,Peter.——我昨天向你家里打电话了。一个男人接的电话，但我没有听出是谁。——哦，他一定是我弟弟，彼得。mighthavesaidsomethingmusthavebeenmybrother3．Hedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.He___________________.他昨天没来上课。他可能病了。4．Sorry,I'mlate.I____________________________________andgonebacktosleepagain.对不起，我来晚了。我可能关上闹钟又睡着了。5．Weather________________________inthewreck.天气可能是造成这次失事的原因之一。mighthavebeenillmighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockmayhavebeenafactor6．Thepast50years________________________________ofinventionandinnovation.过去的50年可能不是发明创造的黄金时期。7．It'ssuchabigbox.He____________________byhimself.那是个很大的箱子，他一个人不可能搬得动。8．I________________________________becausehephonedmeshortlyafterwards.我本不必给他写信，因为不久他就给我打了电话。maynothavebeenthegoldenagecan'thavemoveditneedn'thavewrittentohim