Module6TheInternetandTelecommunications[话题导读]Benefitsofchildren'susingcomputers引导孩子正确使用电脑,可以帮助他们在未来的生产生活中,居于主动地位操纵科技,使电脑成为攻关的工具。Internetaccesscanhelpkidsbecomemorecreativeandcommunicative,accordingtoastudy.Usingcomputercanalsoimproveacademicperformance(学业表现)andputchildrenintotheworldtheymightnotmeet.First,Wyman,areadingexpert,saysthattheuseofcomputerscanhelpchildrenmakeprogressinschoolandthatinteractivesoftwareprogramshelpkidsofallagesdeveloptheirstrongpointsandbuilduptheirweakerareas.Accordingtoreports,somesoftware,suchasemail,canimprovechildren'swritingability,too.Internetaccessgreatlyincreasesthenumberandqualityofresourcesthatchildrenlearn.Second,emailingisagoodwaytodevelopchildren'scommunicationskills.InaNebraskaproject,youngstersusedemailtocommunicatewithseniorcitizensintheircommunity,andtheresultshowedthatitgavethemmoreopportunitiestoknowandunderstandeachother.Childrencanalsousecomputerstocommunicatewiththeirfamilymembersandfriendsfarfromthem.Besides,theuseofcomputersexpandschildren'svision,accordingtoWesternIllinoisUniversity.Youngstersinruralareascanpayvirtual(虚拟的)visitstoartmuseums;kidslivingincitiescanlearnaboutfarmsandforeststhroughtheInternet.Theycanvisittravelwebsites,viewonlinevideosandcorrespond(通信)withemailpalsfromallovertheworld.Lastbutnottheleast,theuseofcomputersgiveschildrenmorechancestodevelopandexpresstheirtalentsinart.InaVermontproject,studentswereabletocompose(谱写)music,emailittoprofessionalmusiciansandteachersandreceiveelectronicreviewsoftheirworks.Thecomputerallowschildrenofmanyagegroupstodevelopartisticskillsinphotography,filmmaking,drawinganddesigningaswell.SectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]TheInternetisthebiggestsource①ofinformation②intheworld,andit'saccessible③throughacomputer.Itconsistsof④millionsof⑤pagesofdata⑥.In1969,DARPA,aUSdefence⑦organisation【1】,developed⑧awayforalltheircomputersto“talk”toeachotherthroughthetelephone.Theycreated⑨anetwork⑩ofcomputerscalledDARPANET.【2】Forfifteenyears,onlytheUSarmycouldusethissystemofcommunication⑪.Thenin1984,theUSNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)startedtheNSFNETnetwork.Itthenbecamepossibleforuniversitiestousethesystemaswell⑫.【3】NSFNETbecameknownas⑬theInterNetwork,or“Internet”.【1】aUSdefenceorganisation作DARPA的同位语,对其做进一步的解释和说明。【2】过去分词短语calledDARPANET作后置定语,修饰anetworkofcomputers,相当于定语从句which/thatwascalledDARPANET。【3】Itthenbecame...中It是形式主语,touse...是真正的主语。TheWorldWideWeb(theweb)isacomputernetworkthatallowscomputeruserstoaccess⑭informationfrommillionsofwebsitesvia⑮theInternet.【4】Atthemoment⑯,about80percentofwebtrafficisinEnglish,butthispercentage⑰isgoingdown⑱.By2020,muchwebtrafficcould⑲beinChinese.【4】that引导定语从句,修饰先行词acomputernetwork。TheWorldWideWebwasinventedin1991byanEnglishscientist,TimBernersLee.BernersLeebuilthisfirstcomputerwhilehewasatuniversityusinganoldtelevision!【5】Hecameupwith⑳theideaoftheWorldWideWebin1989whilehewasworkinginSwitzerland.【5】whilehewasatuniversity是时间状语从句;现在分词短语usinganoldtelevision作方式状语。BernersLeemadeitpossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet,notjustuniversitiesandthearmy.【6】Hedesignedthefirst“webbrowser”,whichallowedcomputeruserstoaccessdocumentsfromothercomputers.【7】Fromthatmomenton,thewebandtheInternetgrew.Withinfiveyears,thenumberofInternetusersrosefrom600,000to40million.【6】madeitpossible...中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是tousetheInternet。【7】which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词thefirst“webbrowser”。TheInternethascreatedthousandsofmillionaires,butBernersLeeisnotoneofthem.EveryoneintheworldcanaccesstheInternetusinghisWorldWideWebsystem.HenowworksasalectureratMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinBoston.[再记住]①source/sɔːs/n.来源;出处②information/Infə'meIʃn/n.[U]信息③accessible/ək'sesəbl/adj.可进入的;可使用的④consistof...由……组成⑤millionsof数以百万计的;无数的⑥data/'deItə/n.(复)数据单数形式是datum⑦defence/dI'fens/n.保护;防卫⑧develop/dI'veləp/vt.研制;开发⑨create/kri'eIt/vt.创造;发明⑩network/'netwɜːk/n.网络⑪communication/kəmjuːnI'keIʃn/n.通信communicatewith与……沟通⑫aswell也,一般放在句末。aswellas既……又……;与……一样好⑬becomeknownas...作为……而出名;被称为……;被叫作……⑭access/'ækses/vt.存取(计算机文件);在句中toaccess与allow搭配,构成allow...todo...,意为“允许……做……”。allowdoing...允许做……⑮via/'vaIə/prep.途经;经由⑯atthemoment目前;此刻;当时atpresent目前;现在⑰percentage/pə'sentIdʒ/n.百分数;百分率⑱godown下降⑲could可能(用于表示某事可能发生,表示推测)⑳comeupwith提出design/dI'zaIn/vt.设计document/'dɒkjʊmənt/n.文件fromthatmomenton从那时起fromthenon从那时起grow/ɡrəu/vi.扩大;增加thenumberof...……的数量,后接可数名词的复数形式。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。rise/raIz/vi.(rose,risen)增加;上升riseto...增加到……riseby...增加了……workas...从事……工作asprep.作为;当作[再翻译]因特网是世界上最大的信息源,并且人们可以通过电脑使用它。它由无数的数据页组成。1969年,DARPA(国防高级研究计划局),一个美国防御组织,开发了一种使他们的所有的计算机通过电话彼此“交谈”的方式。他们创建了一个叫DARPANET的电脑网络。15年里,只有美国军队能够使用这个通讯系统。后来,在1984年,美国国家科学基金会(NSF)启动了NSFNET网络。这就使大学也使用这个系统成为可能。NSFNET作为“互联网络”,或者“因特网”而闻名。万维网(theweb)是一种计算机网络,它允许计算机用户通过因特网获取众多网站上的信息。目前,大约有80%的网络通信使用英语,但是这个比例正在下降。到2020年,许多网络通信可能使用汉语。万维网是英国科学家蒂姆·贝尔纳斯·李在1991年发明的。读大学时,贝尔纳斯·李利用一台旧电视机制成了他的第一台电脑!1989年,他在瑞士工作时,提出了(创建)万维网的想法。贝尔纳斯·李让每个人都使用因特网成为可能,而不仅仅是大学和军队。他设计了第一个“网页浏览器”,通过“网页浏览器”,计算机用户可以访问其他电脑上的文件。从那时起,万维网与因特网不断发展。5年之内,因特网用户的数量从60万增长到4000万。因特网成就了无数的百万富翁,但贝尔纳斯·李并不是其中之一。利用他(创建)的万维网系统,世界上的每个人都可以使用因特网