2020版高中英语 Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab Section Ⅰ Int

Module5ALessoninaLab[话题导读]Importanceofscienceineverydaylife自然科学已经渗透到我们生活的各个方面，它在改善我们的吃、穿、住、行等方面起着非常重要的作用。一起来了解一下！Scienceexistsineveryaspectofourmodernlife.Itisthenoiseofmachines,cars,factories,andsoon,whichawakensuseverydayinthemorning.Thefoodweeat,theclotheswewear,thebooksandpaperswereadandthegamesweplay—allhavesomethingtodowiththeapplication(应用)ofscience.Everyonefeelstheeffectsofscience.Itisnotonlytheelectriclightorfan,theradioorthecinemathatdisplaysthepowerofscienceinourdailylife,buteverythingwedoorthatisdonetous.Sciencehasconqueredtimeanddistance.Wecantravelfromoneplacetoanotherwithkindsoftransportationquickly,whichiswhatourancestorscouldnothavedreamedof.Wegetcurrentnewsfromallovertheworld.Withthehelpoftheradio,wecanlistentoanAmericanspeakingasifheorshewerecommunicatingwithusfacetoface.Ifwewanttospeaktofriendsfarfromus,thereisthetelephonethatwillhelpusdoit.Itis,indeed,truethatsciencehasbroughtgreatcomfortsandconveniencestomankind.Unlessoneisanascetic(禁欲者),heorshehasnoreasontorefusethethingsthatscienceoffers.Byconqueringtimeanddistance,sciencehasmadeallthecountrieslivetogetherandmadelifemorecolourful.Thereisonepointwhereweshouldpayattentionto：wemusttrytobethemastersofscientificfacilitiesratherthantheirslaves.Thatistosay,ourlifecannotbemechanized(机械化的)．Instead,weshouldmakeuseofmachines.Ifwecandoso,sciencewillmakeourlifemorewonderful.SectionⅠIntroduction&VocabularyandSpeaking—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]PassageAItishardtothinkof①aworldwithoutmetals.【1】Differentmetalshavedifferentuses②，forexample,steelisused③incars,andironisusedinelectrical④equipment⑤.Whenweusemetals,itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreact⑥withdifferentsubstances⑦【2】，forexample,waterandoxygen⑧.Thereaction⑨ofmetalswiththesesubstancescanbeputinorder【3】.Hereisatablewiththemetalsthatreactmostatthetop⑩【4】，andthemetalsthatreactleastatthebottom.【1】Itishardto...中It是形式主语，真正的主语是tothinkof...。【2】When引导时间状语从句，主句是itisimportanttoknow...，主句中it是形式主语，动词不定式短语toknow...是真正的主语；howtheyreactwith...是宾语从句，作know的宾语。【3】该句是简单句，主语是Thereaction，谓语部分用了被动语态；“put...inorder”意为“把……按顺序排列”。【4】thatreactmost...是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词themetals。MetalHeatedinoxygenReactionwithwaterorsteamPotassiumSodiumCalciumReactingwithcoldwaterMagnesiumAluminiumZincBurnstoform⑪anoxide⑫*ReactingwithsteamIronReactsslowlyPartialreactionCopperPartialreactionNoreaction*anoxide＝anothersubstance＋oxygenPassageBASimpleScientificExperimentBelowisadescriptionofasimplescientificexperiment.【5】Itshowsushowironreactswithairandwithwater.【6】【5】Belowisadescription...是完全倒装句；正常语序为Adescriptionisbelow，主语为Adescription，isbelow是系表结构。【6】Itshowsushowiron...中It是主语，shows是谓语动词，us及how引导的宾语从句作shows的宾语。Aim⑬：Tofindoutifironrusts⑭【7】(a)indryair；(b)inwaterthathasnoairinit【8】(air­freewater)；(c)inordinary⑮water.【7】动词不定式短语中的if...是if引导的宾语从句，意为“是否……”。【8】thathasnoair...是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词water。Apparatus：3cleanironnails；testtubes；testtubeholder；cottonwool；oil；Bunsenburner.IronindryairMethod(1)Putsomeironnailsatthebottomofatesttube.(2)Pushsomecottonwooldown⑯thetube.(3)Leave⑰thetubeforoneweek.ResultAfteroneweek,thenailshavenotrusted.Conclusion⑱Irondoesnotrustindryair.Ironinair­freewaterMethod(1)Half­fillatesttubewithwater.(2)Boil⑲thewaterforthreeminutes.(Thismakessurethereisnoairinthewater.【9】)【9】makesure确保；thereis...是省略了that的宾语从句。(3)Puttwoorthreecleannailsinthewater.(4)Addsomeoilto⑳thewater.Thiswillkeepairoutofthewater.(5)Leavethetubeforoneweek.ResultThenailsdonotrustinthetubewithair­freewater.ConclusionIrondoesnotrustinair­freewater.IroninordinarywaterMethod(1)Half­fillatesttubewithwaterandaddtwoorthreecleannails.(2)Leavethetubeforoneweek.ResultThenailsrustinthetubewithordinarywater.ConclusionIronrustsinordinarywater.[再记住]①thinkof想象；试想②usen．功能；用途。常作可数名词。③beused是被动语态，意为“被用(于)”。④electrical/I'lektrIkl/adj.与电有关的；用电的⑤equipment/I'kwIpmənt/n.设备；装备。为不可数名词。beequippedwith配/装备有……⑥react/ri'ækt/vi.(化学)反应reactwith对……起化学反应reactto对……作出反应；回应⑦substance/'sʌbstəns/n.物质⑧oxygen/'ɒksIdʒən/n.氧气⑨reaction/ri'ækʃn/n.反应reactionto对……的反应⑩atthetop(of)在(……的)顶端atthebottom(of)在(……的)底部⑪form/fɔːm/v.形成；n.形式；表格intheformof...以……的形式⑫oxide/'ɒksaId/n.氧化物⑬aim/eIm/n.目标；目的v．目的是；旨在；瞄准withtheaimof...带着……的目的aimtodosth.旨在做某事aimatsth.瞄准某物；目标在于某物aimatdoingsth.力争做到某事⑭rust/rʌst/vi.生锈⑮ordinary/'ɔːdnəri/adj.普通的；平常的⑯downprep.沿着；顺着⑰leavevt.使或让(某人/某物)处于某种状态、某地等leave＋宾语＋adj.使……处于某种状态⑱conclusion/kən'kluːʒn/n.结论inconclusion总之；最后⑲boil/bɔIl/vt.煮；煮沸boilingwater正在沸腾的水boiledwater已经烧开的水⑳add...to...往……加入……keep...outof防止……进入；使在……外面keep...awayfrom...使……远离……keepsb./sth.off...使某人/某物远离……[再翻译]短文A很难想象一个没有金属的世界。不同的金属有不同的用途，例如，钢被用在汽车上，铁被用在电器上。使用金属时，了解金属和不同的物质如何发生反应很重要，如水和氧气。(不同的)金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。这里有一个表格，反应最强烈的金属在上面，反应最微弱的在下面。金属在氧气中加热与水或水蒸气的反应钾钠钙与冷水反应镁铝锌燃烧形成氧化物*与水蒸气反应铁反应慢部分反应铜部分反应没反应*氧化物＝另一种物质＋氧气短文B一个简单的科学实验下面是对一个简单的科学实验的描述。它向我们展示了铁是如何与空气和水发生反应的。目的：弄清楚(在下列情况中)铁是否会生锈：(a)在干燥的空气中；(b)在没有空气的水中(无空气的水)；(c)在普通的水中。仪器：3个干净的铁钉；试管；试管夹；脱脂棉；油；本生灯。铁在干燥的空气中方法(1)在试管底部放几个铁钉。(2)把一些脱脂棉塞进试管。(3)将试管放置一个星期。结果一周后，钉子没有生锈。结论铁在干燥的空气中不生锈。铁在没有空气的水中方法(1)给一个试管加一半水。(2)煮水三分钟。(这样做可以确保水中没有空气。)(3)在水中放两个或三个干净的钉子。(4)在水中加一些油。这样做可以防止空气进入水中。(5)将试管放置一个星期。结果钉子在装