Module4ASocialSurvey—MyNeighbourhoodSectionⅣGrammar&Writing现在完成时第一板块单元语法1.It_________(be)sixyearssincewelastsaweachother,youknow.2.AndthisisthefirsttimeI_____________(visit)yourhometown.3.I'veseenquitealotofChinaandI_____________(visit)somebeautifulcities.4.ButthisisoneofthemostattractiveplacesI__________(be)to.hasbeenhavevisitedhavevisitedhavebeen5.They_________(put)upalotofhighrisebuildingsrecently.6.Mywife________________(justbuy)abeautifuldressfromoneoftheshopsthere.7.XiaoLi__________(live)inXiamenallhislife.8.Thefamily___________(live)inthetownfortwentyyears.9.Uptonow,I________________(understand)everythingtheteachersaid.10.He_________(go)totheGreatWall.haveputhasjustboughthaslivedhavelivedhaveunderstoodhasgone考点一现在完成时的概念构成(1)现在完成时的基本概念现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,强调过去的动作对现在的影响。现在完成时与现在有关,属于现在时态。(2)现在完成时的构成肯定句主语+have/has+过去分词...否定句主语+have/hasnot+过去分词...疑问句Have/Has+主语+过去分词...?被动句主语+have/hasbeen+过去分词...考点二现在完成时的基本用法(1)“完成用法”:表示动作在说话时已经完成(可不指出动作发生的确切时间),但对现在产生某种后果或影响。常与ever,recently,before,sofar,uptonow,tillnow,inthepastyears,thesedays等时间状语连用。—Haveyouhadlunchyet?你(已经)吃午饭了吗?—Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.是的,我吃了。我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)Hehasbeentherethreetimesinthelastfewyears.近几年他去过那里三次了。(2)“未完成用法”:表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在,甚至还可能继续下去,这时常和“since+点时间状语(名词、短语、从句)”或“for+段时间状语”连用。Mr.Wanghasworkedinthisfactorysincehecametothiscity.自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作。Shehastaughtintheschoolfortenyears.她在这所学校教书已经10年了。考点三现在完成时的特殊用法(1)在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。Iwon'tbelieveituntilIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.直到我亲眼见到才相信。Hewillcomeassoonashehasfinishedhiswork.他一做完工作就会来。(2)现在完成时的三种常用句型1)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since...Itis/hasbeensevenyearssinceTomstartedlearningEnglish.汤姆学习英语已经有七年时间了。2)This/Itisthefirst/second/...time(that)sb.havedonesth.“这是某人第一/二/……次做某事”。It'sthefirsttime(that)theboyhasspokentoaforeigner.这是这个男孩第一次同外国人说话。3)在“This/That/Itisthe+形容词最高级+名词+that从句”结构中,that从句要用现在完成时态。ThisisthebestfilmthatI'veeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。考点四现在完成时与瞬时性动词瞬时性动词也可以有现在完成时,但是不可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用;必须与表示时间段的状语连用时,要用相应的延续性动词来代替。Ihaveboughtanewcar.√我买了辆新车。Ihaveboughtanewcarfortwoweeks.×我买了新车两周了。Ihavehadanewcarfortwoweeks.√我买了新车两周了。Hehasleft.√他已经离开了。Hehasleftforanhour.×他已经离开一个小时了。Hehasbeenawayforanhour.√他已经离开一个小时了。考点五现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,落脚点在现在一般过去时着重说明动作发生在过去,强调动作本身,落脚点在过去Wehavevisitedtheschool.我们参观过这所学校。(说明现在对这所学校有所了解)Wevisitedtheschoollastweek.我们上周参观了这所学校。(只说明上周参观学校这个动作)ShehaslivedinParisfortwentyyears.她在巴黎住了20年了。(可能刚搬走,还可能继续住下去)ShelivedinParisfortwentyyears.她在巴黎住了20年。(现在已经不在那里住了)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.—Annisinhospital.—Oh,really?I____________(notknow).Iwillgoandvisither.2.We'retoolate.Thetrain_________(leave).Sowe'llcatchthenexttraintoLondon.3.Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdon'tknowexactlyhowit_________(happen).didn'tknowhaslefthappened4.Inthelastfewyears,China_________(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.5.Hergrandfather______________(dead)foroverfiveyears.6.Lucy_________(make)manyfriendssinceshe_____(go)toParis.7.ItisthesecondtimethatI__________(read)thebook.8.Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobody_________(see)themsince.hasmadehasbeendeadhasmadewenthavereadhasseen9.Uptonow,theprogram__________(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.10.IwilllendyouthebookassoonasI______________(finish)readingit.hassavedhavefinishedⅡ.单句改错1.(全国卷)Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobodyhadseenthemsince.________2.Therecentelectionhadbeentheonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.________3.Ihaveknownhersincewearechildren._________4.IthadbeensixyearssinceIcamehere.________5.ThisistheclevereststudentthatIevermet.______________had→hashad→hasare→werehad→hasever前加haveⅢ.语法与写作1.他在这个城市住了三年了,并且交了许多新朋友。He_____________________forthreeyears,andhe____________________________.2.无论结果怎样,我们都要微笑着接受,因为我们已经尽了全力。Whatevertheresultis,weshouldacceptitwithasmile,becausewe____________________.haslivedinthecityhasmadealotofnewfriendshavetriedourbest3.最近几年,我们已经互相培养了良好的友谊。Overtheyears,we_______________________________witheachother.4.这是今年他第一次在周六不上班。Itisthefirsttimethisyearthathe______________onaSaturday.5.他五年前离开了家乡,从此之后没有人见过他。He__________________fiveyearsagoandnoone_____________eversince.havedevelopedagoodfriendshiphasn'tworkedlefthishometownhasseenhim介绍某一地方第二板块单元写作[文体感知]介绍一个地区属于说明文的范畴,写此类文章需注意以下几个方面:1.内容:一般包括该地区的地理位置、地貌特征、历史文化、风土人情等,也可以描述该地区的发展变化。2.结构:写作时可分为三部分:开头部分对该地区进行简单概括;主体部分详细介绍其特点;结尾部分对该地区进行总体评价。3.顺序:可以由总体到局部,由远及近,按时间、空间或逻辑顺序来描述。4.时态:如果对该地区进行一些客观描写及主观发挥,一般以现在时为主;如果对比过去则用过去时;展望未来则可以用将来时。[增分佳句]1.段首常用语:(1)Locatedin...,itcoversanareaof...withapopulationof...(2)Thebeautyof...isintheeastof...(3)I'dliketointroducemyhometowntoyou.2.介绍一个地区的常用语:(1)Iwouldliketointroduce...(2)It'sabeautifulcity/placeof...Itfacesthesea.(3)Theplaceislocatedin...,coveringanareaof.../covering...squaremetres.(4)Thereareavarietyofattractionssuchas...(5)...isfamous/wellknownfor...(6)Inaddition,thereare...,withahistory/populationof...3.段尾常用语:(1)Ifyouwanttohavefunandmorethanfun,docometo...(2)Itattractsmillionsofvisitorsallovertheworld.(3)Youaresuretohaveagoodtimehere.(4)That'sall,thankyou.Youarewelcometo...[写作要求]随着2018年国庆假期的来临,很多游客选择到厦门鼓浪屿旅游,请