一、过去完成时的被动语态1.概念:过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成,且主语与谓语动词存在被动关系。2.构成(1)肯定结构:主语+hadbeendone(2)否定结构:主语+hadnotbeendone(3)疑问句结构:Had+主语+beendone...特殊疑问词+had+主语+beendone3.用法(1)在told,said,knew,heard,thought,found等动词后的宾语从句中,表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。*Heheardthattheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.他听说票已售完。*Thenewspaperreportedmorethan1,000peoplehadbeenkilledinthehurricane.报纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。(2)before,when,bythetime,until,after,once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,以及by,before后面接过去的时间时,主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。*Bythetimeshewas13,mysisterhadbeensenttoAmerica.我姐姐13岁前就已经被送到美国了。*200carshadbeenproducedbytheendoflastyear.到去年年底,已经生产了200辆汽车。(3)Itwasthefirst/second...timethat...句中that引导的定语从句中,主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动的语态。*Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenbeatenblackandblue.那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。(4)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去事实相反,且主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。*IfIhadbeeninvitedearlier,Iwouldhavegonethere.如果早点儿邀请我的话,我就去那儿了。[考情分析]过去完成时的被动语态重点考查其构成形式,特别是hadbeendone结构中的been不能忽略。同时也要注意它和过去完成进行时的不同,过去完成进行时的结构是hadbeendoing。[即学即练1]单句填空1.WhenIgothome,myshoes________________(clean)bysomebody.2.Hesaidhishomework________________(finish)already.3.Tom____________(tell)manytimes,buthestillcouldnotunderstandit.4.BytheendoflasttermtwohundredEnglishwords________________(learn)byhim.5.Fortunately,thefire____________(put)outbeforeitreachedthecrowd.hadbeencleanedhadbeenfinishedhadbeentoldhadbeenlearnedhadbeenput6.ItwasreportedthatMr.Smith________________(catch)bythepolicefordrunkdriving.7.Infact,thedecision________________(make)longbeforeyoucamehere.8.Itwashardtofollowthelecture,becauseit____________(start)whenIarrived.9.ItwasthefirsttimethatI________(meet)aprofessorfromthatuniversity.10.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edison____________(make)alivingbyhimself.hadbeencaughthadbeenmadehadstartedhadmethadmade二、间接引语1.基本概念。直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。直接引语若改为间接引语,在语序、人称、时态和状语方面作相应变化。2.句式的转换。(1)转述他人的陈述→陈述句的转换:(2)转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句的转换:(3)转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句:(4)选择疑问句的转换:用whether...or...表达,而不用if...or...,也不用either...or...。Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”→HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.(5)祈使句的转换:[深化点拨](1)直接引语变间接引语时态不变的特殊情况如下:①直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时。*Hesaid,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”→Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.②当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时,间接引语仍然用一般过去时。*Mr.Wangsaid,“IwasborninChinainSeptember,1972.”→Mr.WangsaidhewasborninChinainSeptember,1972.③当直接引语是过去完成时态时。*Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedhere.”→Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.④当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。*Hesaid,“Theplanetakesoffat6:30a.m.”→Hesaidthattheplanetakesoffat6:30a.m.(2)如果在当天转述别人说过的话,时间状语可不变;如果在当地转述,地点状语和动词也不必改变。*Hesaid,“I'llbebacktonight.”→Hesaidthathewillbebacktonight.[考情分析]直接引语和间接引语是中学英语的重要语法,也是高考的重要考点,其重点考查的内容是时态变化、语序变化和祈使句变为间接引语。[即学即练2]把下列直接引语变为间接引语1.Shesaid,“IliketowatchTV.”→Shesaidthat____________________.2.“Doyouknowtheman?”heaskedme.→Heasked________________________.3.“Whatdoyouusuallydointheevening?”heasked.→Heaskedme____________________________.4.“Don'tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold/ordered________________________________.shelikedtowatchTVif/whetherIknewthemanwhatIusuallydidintheeveningthechildrennottomakeanynoise5.ZhouLansaid,“I'lldoitafterclass.”→ZhouLansaidthat________________________.6.Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”→Hesaidthat____________________________.7.Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”→Hesaid____________________________.8.Hesaid,“IamgoingtoBeijingthisweek.”→Hesaidthat_______________________________.shewoulddoitafterclassIhadtoldhimthatstoryhehadtakenithomewithhimhewasgoingtoBeijingthatweek9.Mr.Wangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinesstomorrow.”→Mr.Wangsaidthat________________________________________________________.10.Hisfathersaidtohim,“Thinkbeforeyoudoit!”→Hisfathertoldhim________________________.hewouldleaveforShanghaionbusinessthefollowingdaytothinkbeforehedidit
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本文标题:2020版高中英语 Module 3 The Violence of Nature Section
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