[考情分析]状语从句是考纲中的重要内容,考生应做到:1.掌握状语从句,尤其是时间、让步、条件和地点状语从句;2.熟记常用的引导各种状语从句的连词的基本用法和特殊用法;3.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定合适的连词。[高考佳句][2018·全国卷Ⅰ,语法填空]Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.虽然定期跑步不能让你长生不老,但该评论称,它比散步、骑自行车或游泳更能延长生命。Ⅰ.条件状语从句1.引导条件状语从句的词或词组有:if(如果,假如),unless(除非,如果不),solongas(只要),aslongas(只要),ifonly(只要),providedthat或providing(that)(假如)等。e.g.IfitisfinenextSunday,weshallhaveaspringouting.如果下星期日天气好,我们就去春游。IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuythecar.如果我有足够的钱,我就买那辆汽车了。Youwillnotpasstheexamunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力学习,否则你将不能通过考试。Iwillgotheresolongasheinvitesme.只要他邀请,我就去那里。Tellmeaboutitifyouhavetime.如果你有时间,告诉我关于那件事的情况。2.“祈使句+and/or/orelse/otherwise”的句型中,祈使句在意义上实际上相当于条件状语从句。e.g.Useyourhead,andyou'llfindaway.动动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。Hurryup,orelse/otherwiseyou'llbelate.快点,否则你会迟到。Dothatatonce,orelseI'llmakeyoudoit.马上做,否则我就强迫你做。3.ifonly也可以引导条件状语从句。e.g.Ifonlyitclearsup,we'llgo.如果天放晴,我们就走。Ifonlyyouhadworkedwithgreatercare!你要是更仔细一些该多好!4.“if+否定句”相当于“not...unless+肯定句”。e.g.Youcan'tenterthehallifyouhavenoticket.Youcan'tenterthehallunlessyouhaveaticket.你要有门票才能进大厅。e.g.Don'tcomeifIdon'tcallyou.Don'tcomeunlessIcallyou.我叫你你才能进来。5.同时间状语从句一样,条件状语从句如果表示将来时间,要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。e.g.Iwillgoifyougo.如果你去,我也去。Iwon'twaitforhimunlessheringsmetomorrow.除非他明天给我打电话,否则我不会等他。6.如果从句由if引导,又有连系动词be,条件状语从句可用省略形式。e.g.Cometomorrowifpossible.可能的话就明天来吧。Ifso,youmustgobackandgetit.如果这样的话,你必须回去把它拿来。I'llbuyaTVsetifnecessary.如果有必要,我就买一台电视机。Hehasnomoney.Ifany,hewillgiveus.他没有钱。如果有,他会给我们的。还有诸如:ifnecessary(如果有必要),ifany(如果有),ifinneed(如果需要)。7.条件句中的虚拟与倒装if引导的条件状语从句如果与事实不符,应用虚拟语气。(1)与现在事实相反,主句用过去将来时,从句用一般过去时,be动词用复数形式。e.g.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'tdoit.如果我是你,我就不会那样做。(2)与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句谓语为should/would/could/mighthavedone。e.g.Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早起些,你就会赶上火车的。(3)与将来事实相反,从句用did/were/should/weretodo+v.原形,主句为would/should/could/might+v.原形。e.g.Ifitrainedtomorrow,weshouldstayathome.如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。省略if的虚拟条件从句如果条件从句的谓语动词有were,had或should,可以把if省去,而把were,had或should移到主语前面,以倒装形式表示虚拟条件从句。e.g.WereIyou,Iwoulddothesame.如果我是你,我也会这样做。Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.如果你昨天来了,你会见到他的。Ⅱ.让步状语从句1.让步状语从句由连词(组)though,although,as(虽然,尽管),evenif,eventhough,whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however,nomatterwho(what,which,when,where,how),whether,while(尽管)等引导。(1)though,although这两个连词用法基本一样,只是前者口语化,后者较正式,当位于句首,都不与but连用,但可以和yet,still连用。e.g.AlthoughtheTVsetisverydear,Iwillstillbuyit.尽管这台电视非常贵,我仍然要买。Though/Althoughhewaswornout,hekeptonworking.尽管已筋疲力尽,他仍然继续工作。(2)as引导让步状语从句,从句部分用倒装语序,句型为:形容词副词名词不带冠词动词原形+as+主+谓e.g.Youngasheis,hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguages.他虽然年轻,但能用几门外语阅读和书写。MuchasIloveit,Iwillnotbuyit.尽管我喜欢它,但不想买下它。Againashefailedindoingthisexperiment,hedidn'tloseheart.尽管这项实验又失败了,但他并不灰心。Praisedashewas,heremainedmodest.虽然他受到了表扬,但他仍然谦虚。Childasheis,theboyknowsalot.尽管还是个孩子,但这男孩懂得很多。TryasImight,Icouldn'tliftthestone.尽管我试了,我还是举不起这块石头。注意:在这种倒装结构中,也可以用though,但不用although。e.g.Bravelythoughtheplayersfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.尽管运动员们都非常地顽强,他们依旧没有赢的机会。(3)evenif,eventhough这两个复合连词意义相同,常用以强调让步概念,含有退一步想的意思(有时用于虚拟语气)。e.g.We'llmakeatripevenif/thoughtheweatherisbad.即使天气很糟糕,我们也要去旅行。EvenifIwereinyourplace,Iwouldn'ttakethejob.(虚拟语气)即使我在你的位置,我也不会接受这份工作。(4)whether...or...可引导让步状语从句。e.g.Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.不管你信不信,这都是真的。(5)“nomatter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句“疑问词+ever”相当于“nomatter+疑问词”引导的让步状语从句。e.g.Whichever/Nomatterwhichbookyouborrow,youmustreturnitinaweek.你无论借哪本书,都必须一周内归还。Whenever/Nomatterwhenyoucomeback,don'twakemeup.不管你什么时候回来,都不要吵醒我。Hecarriesabookinhispocket,wherever/nomatterwherehegoes.他不管去哪里,口袋里都装一本书。Hecangohowever/nomatterhowhelikes.他爱怎么去就怎么去好了。Nomatterwhathappened,heshouldn'tmind.无论发生了什么事,他都不会在意。It'saniceroomnomatterwho/whoeveritbelongsto.不论这间房子属于谁,都非常好。“nomatter+疑问词”与“wh+ever”:nomatterwhom=whomevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterhow=howevernomatterwhen=whenever2.让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。e.g.Nomatterwhoheis,hewillbepunished.不论他是谁,都将受到惩罚。3.用了引导让步状语从句的从属连词后,不能同时用并列连词but,但可用still,yet等副词来加强语气。e.g.Thoughhewastired,yet/stillhewentonworking.虽然疲劳,但他仍继续工作。4.让步状语从句的省略。e.g.Though(itwas)cold,hestillworeashirt.天气虽然冷,他还是只穿一件衬衫。Theman,while(heis)wellovereighty,canwalkfasterthanI.这人虽然年过80,却比我走得还快.Whetherwellorsick,shealwayskeepscalm.无论身体好还是生病,她总是一声不响。Nomatterhowdifficult(itmaybe),wearedeterminedtocarrytheresearchtotheend.不管有多困难,我们决心把研究进行到底。[即时训练]Ⅰ.单句填空1.Youwillnevergainsuccess______youarefullydevotedtoyourwork.2.WeallthinkMr.Smithwillbegivenanewhouseifmorenewhouses_________(build).3.Thelittlegirlwasallowedtogoswimming___conditionthatshekeptneartoherfather.4.Idon'treallyliketheauthor,_______________Ihavetoadmithisbooksareveryexciting.5.Unlesssomeextramoney_________(find),thetheatrewillclose.unlessarebuiltonalthough/thoughisfound6.Unsatisfied_________hewaswithhisdaughter'sperformanceonstage,hehidhisfeelingsandtriedtoencourageandcomforther.7.Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,______thoughhe'sinhisnineties.8.Strange_________itmightsound,hisideawasacceptedbyallthe