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课时作业38Ⅰ.阅读理解(2019·康杰中学高三调研)Foodstoringiscommoninmembersofthecrow(乌鸦)family.Anewstudytestedthebirdsoutsidethisnaturallyoccurringbehaviour,whichmayhaveevolved(进化)specificallybecauseitgivescrowsasurvivaladvantage.Somecrowspeciesareknowntonaturallyusetoolstorecoverfood.Sotheresearcherstestedwhetherthebirdscouldstoreandrecoveratoolsotheycouldgetitattheirfoodafteragapof17hours—somethingwewouldn'texpectthemtodonaturally.Buttheywereabletoinstantlyselectthetooloutofanumberofunnecessaryitems.Inanotherexperiment,theresearcherstaughtcrowstoselectatoken(礼品券)fromanumberofitemssothattheycouldthenexchangeforfood.Again,thebirdsthenshowedthattheycouldplanforthefutureusingthisnewbehaviour.Thisisdifferentfromallofthepreviousstudiesinfutureplanning,whichhavefocusedonnaturallyoccurringbehaviour.Forexample,weknowthatchimpanzeesselect,transportandsaveappropriatetoolsforfutureneeds.Thesestudieshaveshownthatanimalscanplanforthefuture—buttheyleftanimportantquestionopenfordebate.Areanimalsonlyabletoplantouseabilitiesthathaveevolvedtogivethemaspecificadvantage,orcantheyflexiblyandintelligentlyapplyplanningbehaviouracrossvariousactions?Mostcriticswouldsaytheformer,astheanimalsweretestedinnaturallyoccurringbehaviours.Butthenewresearchprovidesthefirstevidencethatanimalspeciescanplanforthefutureusingbehaviourthatdoesn'ttypicallyoccurinnature.Thissupportstheviewthatatleastsomecognitiveabilitiesinanimalsdon'tevolvejustinresponsetospecificproblems.Instead,itsuggeststhatanimalscanapplythesebehavioursflexiblyacrossproblemsinasimilarwaytohumans.Weneedtoinvestigatehowflexiblebehaviourevolved.Thenwemightbeabletoseehowcrows'abilitytoplanforthefuturefitsinwiththeirbroadercognitivepowers.本文通过乌鸦，谈论有关动物的进化，但是目前还不清楚它们是怎样进化的。1．What'sthenewfindingaboutsomecrowsaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Theycanstorefood.B．Theycanusetoolstorecoverfood.C．Theycanstoreandrecovertools.D．Theycanselectandstorefood.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中Somecrowspeciesareknowntonaturallyusetoolstorecoverfood...Buttheywereabletoinstantlyselectthetooloutofanumberofunnecessaryitems.可知，对乌鸦的新发现是：他们可以存储和恢复工具。故选C。2．Whatarecrowstrainedbyscientiststodowhengivenatoken?A．Rejectitcasually.B．Exchangeitforfood.C．Saveitastheirfood.D．Buildanestwithit.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Inanotherexperiment,theresearcherstaughtcrowstoselectatoken(礼品券)fromanumberofitemssothattheycouldthenexchangeforfood.可知，训练乌鸦用奖品券来交换食物。故选B。3．Whatdoscientiststhinkofthestudiesthatanimalscanplanforthefuture?A．Theyarecontroversial.B．Theyaredisappointing.C．Theyarecontradictory.D．Theyareconvincing.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Thesestudieshaveshownthatanimalscanplanforthefuture—buttheyleftanimportantquestionopenfordebate.可知，科学家们关于动物可以为未来做计划的研究是有争议的。故选A。4．Whatcanbeinferredaboutcognitiveabilitiesinanimals?A．Theydeveloponlywithage.B．Itisunclearhowthey'veevolvednow.C．Noanimalsbutcrowsbenefitfromthem.D．Planningforthefuturehelpstheirevolution.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Weneedtoinvestigatehowflexiblebehaviourevolved.可知，还不清楚它们是怎样进化的。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五(2019·成都外国语学院高三检测)Choosingtherightcollegeforyouisnotsoeasy.Youshouldhaveageneralideaofwhatyouwantanddon'twant.Theideacanguideyoutofindwhatfitsyourneedsbest.__1__Thinkaboutwhatmajoryouwanttostudyincollege.Ifyouknowthat，justlookatcollegesthathaveyourmajor.__2__Sothinkcarefullyaboutyourmajorandinterestsbeforechoosingone.Wherethecollegeislocatedmatters.Anyonewhotellsyouthelocationisn'timportantislying.__3__Ifyoulookforwardtoworkinginthepublishingindustry，NewYorkmaybeyourbestbet.Ifyourparentswantyoutostayclosetohome，pleasedon'tconsideranywherethatrequiresaplanetickettogetto.Thinkabouthowmuchyoucanafford.Areyourparents，payingforyoureducation?Ifso，howmucharetheywillingtospend？Doyouhavetocontributeanything?Financialaidandscholarshipexist，butdon'tcountonanything.__4__Theseareallthingstoconsiderbeforeyoufallinlovewithacollege.Makesureyou'regoingtospendtimewiththerightpeople.Thecoolthingaboutcollegeisthateachdifferentoneattractsdifferentkindsofpeople.Forthefirstthinginyourlife，yougettochoosewhereyougettospendyourtimeandwhoyougettospenditwith.__5__Makesurethatthepeopleyou'rewithforfouryearsareyourkindofpeople.A．Collegeisaboutlearningwhatyoulove.B．You'dbetterchooseamajorthatispopular.C．Gotothecollegewithsomepeopleyoulike.D．Areyouwillingtogointomajordebtoveraschool?E．Remember，aboveall，it'sthepeoplethatmaketheplace.F．Ifyoudon'tlikecoldweather，stayawayfromnorthernschools.G．Theseguidelineswillhelpfigureoutwhatcollegeyouwanttogoto.文章列举了几项选大学必须考虑的因素，比如专业、学校位置、经济能力和交友等。1．G解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲选大学要知道自己想干什么和不想干什么，这些想法会指引你找到自己最需要的。G项“这些指引会帮助你判断你想去什么大学”，与上句并列，故选G。2．A解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。选大学之前要先根据兴趣考虑想学的专业，A项“大学就是学自己喜欢的东西”，符合本段内容，与前后句意思一致。故选A。3．F解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲上大学其次考虑大学的地理位置，F项“如果你不喜欢寒冷天气就远离北方学校”，和地理位置有关，符合本段内容。故选F。4．D解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲上大学还要考虑自己的经济实力，本段列举了几个需要考虑的因素，D项与上面几个问题并列，符合本段内容。故选D。5．E解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲大学交友的重要性，和什么样的人交朋友很重要。E项“记住，毕竟这是一个由人组成的地方”，符合本段内容。故选E。Ⅲ.语法填空(2019·安徽省合肥市高三调研性检测)ClassicalChinesegardendesignaimstocreateanaturallandscapeonasmallscaleandemphasizetheperfectharmonybetweenmanandnature.AChinesegarden__1__(be)likeascroll(卷轴)painting