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课时作业21Ⅰ.阅读理解(2019·康杰中学高三模拟)Theyear2018willmarkthe100thanniversaryofthedeadliestinfluenzaoutbreakinhistory.Itisestimatedthattheinfluenzapandemic(瘟疫)of1918killedmorethan50millionpeoplearoundtheworld.Otherestimatesgomuchhigher.Becauseofalackofmedicalrecordkeeping,wemayneverknowtheexactnumber.Theinfluenzawasafastkiller.Somevictimsdiedwithinhoursoftheirfirstsymptoms.Othersdiedafterafewdays.“Theirlungsfilledwithliquidandtheychokedtodeath.”The1918flupandemicwasalsodifferentfromotheroutbreaks.Itstruckmanyyoung,healthypeople.Virusesusuallyaffectsickoroldpeople.Althoughmodernmedicineeffectivelycontrolsmanydiseases,influenzaremainsdifficulttoprotectagainst.TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthateveryyearinfluenzakills250,000to500,000peoplearoundtheworld.Eachyear,medicalscientistsdevelopfluvaccines(疫苗)whichofferimmunity(免疫)fromsomeinfluenzaviruses.Buttheycanonlyguesswhichformoftheviruswillspread.Healthofficialsremainconcernedaboutanotherflupandemic.Newformsofthefluvirusappearregularly.Oneexamplewasthe“swineflu”orH1N1outbreakin2009.AnthonyFauci,DirectoroftheNationalInstituteofInfectiousDiseasesintheUnitedStatessaysthatviruscausedatruepandemic.Tostopthenextpandemic,scientistsarenowresearchinghowtocreateauniversalinfluenzavaccine.InOctober2017,VanderbiltUniversityMedicalCenterintheUSannouncedtheUniversalInfluenzaVaccineInitiative.Theuniversitysaidresearchersareleadinganinternationalefforttodevelopauniversalinfluenzavaccinethatwillprotecteveryoneagainstallformsofthefluanywhereintheworld.Theuniversityaddedthatresearcherswillbegintestsinearly2018,andtheHumanVaccinesProject,apublicprivatepartnership,isfundingtheproject.However,untilauniversalinfluenzavaccineisavailable,today'sseasonalfluvaccineremainsimportant.2018将是历史上最致命的流感爆发的第100周年纪念。1918年的流感大流行导致全世界超过5000万人死亡。可见流感病毒比战争更致命。为了阻止下一次大流行，科学家们正在研究如何制造一种通用流感疫苗。1．Whatdoweknowabouttheinfluenzain1918?A．ItsweptacrossthewholeEurope.B．Noonesurvivedthefirstfewdays.C．Itkilledthelargestnumberofpeople.D．Itstruckonlyyoungandhealthypeople.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据Theyear2018willmarkthe100thanniversaryofthedeadliestinfluenzaoutbreakinhistory.Itisestimatedthattheinfluenzapandemic(瘟疫)of1918killedmorethan50millionpeoplearoundtheworld.得知2018将是历史上最致命的流感爆发的第100周年纪念。科学家估计，1918年的流感大流行导致全世界超过5000万人死亡。故选C。2．Whyisinfluenzadifficulttoprotectagainst?A．Itspreadstoorapidly.B．Itisquiteeasytocatch.C．Novaccineisavailable.D．It'shardtojudgetheformofvirus.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据Eachyear,medicalscientistsdevelopfluvaccines...Buttheycanonlyguesswhichformoftheviruswillspread.得知每年，医学科学家都在研制流感疫苗。但他们只能猜测病毒的哪种菌株会传播。可以推断出流感仍然难以抵御是因为专家不能确定病毒的形式，故选D。3．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellbymentioningH1N1in2009?A．Newformsoffluviruskeepsappearing.B．Itwasthemostseriousinrecentyears.C．Itwascausedbythesamefluvirusof1918.D．TheH1N1viruswasdeadlyaswell.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据Healthofficialsremainconcernedaboutanotherflupandemic.Newformsofthefluvirusappearregularly.Oneexamplewasthe“swineflu”orH1N1outbreakin2009.得知卫生官员仍对另一场流感大流行感到担忧。新的流感病毒菌株定期出现。其中一个例子是2009年的“猪流感”或甲型H1N1流感疫情。得知举例是为了说明新的流感病毒还在不断出现，故选A。4．Whatcanwelearnabouttheuniversalinfluenzavaccine?A．Thedevelopmentisquitecostly.B．Itwillbeusedallovertheworld.C．Itcanprotectagainstallformsofflu.D．Itwillsooncomeintousein2018.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据Theuniversitysaidresearchersareleadinganinternationalefforttodevelopauniversalinfluenzavaccinethatwillprotecteveryoneagainstallformsofthefluanywhereintheworld...得知研究人员正在“领导国际社会努力研制一种通用流感疫苗，以保护每个人抵御世界上任何地方的流感病毒”，故选C。Ⅱ.完形填空(2019·云南省昆明市高三摸底调研)Youmayalwayshearaboutpeoplewhoknewexactlywhattheywantedtodowiththeirlifefromthetimetheywereinkindergarten.Ihadn'tconsideredlotsofcareer__1__whenIgraduatedfromhighschool.Likemoststudentswhoearngoodgradesinmathandscienceclasses,Ifoundpeople__2__metobeanengineer.ButallofthatchangedwhenIwenttomy__3__.IwillneverforgetthefeelingofwalkingintomyveryfirstBiology__4__.Inervouslyfoundaseatandwaitedforthetypeof__5__youseeinTVshows,oldandstrict.WhatIgotwasexactly__6__.DrEspinozawasacaringand__7__teacher,andtwotermsofherclassesmademefallinlovewithBiology.Herexcitingclassesmademe__8__thatIhadotherchoicesbesidesbeinga(n)__9__.ItmeantIwasheadedforacareerinbiologicalresearch.__10__DrEspinozaandmanyotherprofessorslikeher,Ifoundthatscientistsaren'tjustwhatyou__11__ontheNationalGeographicchannel.Theyarerealpeoplewhoanswerrealquestionsand__12__realproblems.Thisledmetoseekout__13__todorealscienceprojectsandseeifI__14__it.WhileIwasatuniversity,Ilearnedhowtoaskgoodquestions，howto__15__experimentsandcollectdata,andhowtosharewhatIlearnedwithpeople.Asit__16__Ilovedeveryminuteofit.Fallinginlovewith__17__wasalongprocessforme,butitledmetoajobIlove.Likethescienceitself,myjourneytowardbeingascientistwas__18__,buthelpedalongbymanyteachersandprofessorswho__19__metheway.Now,Itrymybesttolearnnewthingsand__20__newknowledge.本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是怎样爱上生物学，成为一名科学家的。就像科学本身一样，作者成为一名科学家的旅程也很缓慢，但许多老师和教授向作者展示了这条路。现在，作者尽最大的努力去学习新的东西，创造新的知识。1．A.developmentB．difficultyC．choicesD．requirements答案：C解析：考查名词。A.development发展；B.difficulty困难；C.choices选择；D.requirements需要。根据Ihadn'tconsideredlotsofcareer__1__when