2020版高考英语一轮总复习 课时作业14 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science

课时作业14Ⅰ.阅读理解(2019·临沂市临沭高三阶段性检测)Sittingunderthenationalflagandseparatedfromthemediabyatransparentglasswall,50­year­oldJingHaipengand37­year­oldChenDongappearedcalmastheypreparetobepartof,whatisscheduledtobe,China'slongest­evermannedspaceflightmission.Thetwowerescheduledtospendatotalof33daysinorbit.Thiswouldbethe3rdtripintospaceforveteranChineseastronautJingHaipeng.HehasbeenontheShenzhou­7missionin2008andtheShenzhou­9missionin2012.Themission'scommanderwasalsopartofdockingmissions(太空对接任务)onbothhispreviousspaceflights,givinghimtheexperienceneededtohelpdockShenzhou­11withTiangong­2.JingHaipengsaid,“Withthepast18yearsofintensiveprofessionalastronauttraining,togetherwiththetwopreviousexperiencesI'vehadflyinginspace,I'mveryconfidentanddeterminedthatthismissionisgoingtobeagreatsuccess.Personally,I'mmuchcalmerandinamorepositivehead­spacethanIwasduringmypreviousmissions.I'mveryproudtobeheretogreetourcountry.Iknowmyconfidenceissharedwiththerestofourentirespaceprogram.”Withanunblemishedflightrecordof15hundredhoursasapilot,37­year­oldChenDongwaschosenin2010tobepartofthenextgenerationofChineseastronauts.Hetoosaidhewasconfidentofheadingintothemission,eventhoughitwouldbehisfirsttimeinspace.“Ihavethechancetojoinmyfirstmissionafter6yearsofintensivetrainingandlearning.Forme,thetimingisperfect—nottooearly,butnottoolateeither.Whenwetrain,Jingismyteacher.Inlife,heismybrother.Heissodedicated,anddemandsonlythebestfrommeandtheothersthatheworkswith.Becauseofhisexperience,Iamveryluckytobepairedwithhimonthismissionintospace.”Afterbeingputintoorbit,JingHaipengandChenDongweregoingtoconductaseriesofexperiments,includingtestingthelatestinChina'sadvancedlifesupportsystems,aswellasscientificresearch.WuPing，deputydirectorofChina'sMannedSpaceProgram,explainstheroleofthetwoastronautsinspace.“Duringtheirmission,thetwoareessentiallyback­upstoone­another.Theyarebothcapableofpilotingthespacecraft,complexmanagement,manualdockingaswellashandlinganyemergencysituationsormalfunctions(故障).Whileinorbit,theyaregoingtocompleteanumberofmaneuvers(演习)withShenzhou­11,aswellasorbitalexperiments,demonstrationsandtestsonhumanhealthinspace.”本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了神州十一号太空飞船成功将50岁的景海鹏和37岁的陈冬两位宇航员送入太空。1．FromwhatJingHaipengsaidwecaninfer________.A．previousexperiencemattersalotB．themission'scommanderhelpedhimC．theShenzhou­7missionistobedockedwiththeShenzhou­9D．helackedconfidenceduringthepreviouslaunching答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Withthepast18yearsofintensiveprofessionalastronauttraining,togetherwiththetwopreviousexperiencesI'vehadflyinginspace,I'mveryconfidentanddeterminedthatthismissionisgoingtobeagreatsuccess.可知，有了过去十八年的高强度专业宇航员训练以及他之前的两次太空飞行经验，景海鹏有信心也坚信这次任务将会圆满成功。由此可以推断出过往的经验至关重要。故选A。2．Theunderlinedword“unblemished”inParagraph3canbereplacedby“________”．A．continuousB．surprisingC．perfectD．significant答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Withanunblemishedflightrecordof15hundredhoursasapilot,37­year­oldChenDongwaschosenin2010tobepartofthenextgenerationofChineseastronauts.可推知，有安全完美的飞行记录，才可能被选为宇航员。A.continuous持续的；B.surprising令人惊讶的；C.perfect完美的；D.significant重大的。故选C。3．WhatmadeChenDongaqualifiedastronaut?A．Hisconfidenceofheadingintothemission.B．Hisintensivetrainingandlearning.C．HislucktobepairedwithJingHaipeng.D．Hisexperienceofconductingaseriesofexperiment.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Ihavethechancetojoinmyfirstmissionafter6yearsofintensivetrainingandlearning.可知，经过六年的高强度训练和学习，陈冬终于有能力可以执行他的第一次太空任务。故选B。4．Wherewouldyoumostprobablyseethetext?A．Inanewspaper.B．Inasciencejournal.C．Inatravelmagazine.D．Inagovernmentdocument.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的Sittingunderthenationalflagandseparatedfromthemediabyatransparentglasswall,50­year­oldJingHaipengand37­year­oldChenDongappearedcalmastheypreparetobepartof,whatisscheduledtobe,China'slongest­evermannedspaceflightmission.可知，50岁的景海鹏和37岁的陈冬坐在国旗下方，与媒体仅一堵透明玻璃墙之隔，看上去气定神闲，他们即将展开中国史上持续时间最长的载人飞行任务。由此可推断出本文出自报纸上的新闻报道。故选A。Ⅱ.七选五(2019·聊城市高三月考)Rumors(谣言)arenotalwaysnasty,buttheycanbeespeciallyannoyingwhentherumormongerspreadssomethingagainstyou.Unfortunately,youcan'tjuststopnastyrumorsjustbytellingonepersonitisn'ttrue.__1__.However,therearebetterwaystohandlerumors.Simplyapplythetipsbelowandseewhichonessuityoubest：CleartheairSetthingsstraight.__2__.Thatisdefinitelymoreeffectivethanjusttellingonepersonaboutit.ConfrontthesourceGoaftertherumormongerinthefirstplace.Mostgossipstartersdon'treallyexpectpeopletocomeafterthem,soyou'llhavetheelementofsurprise.However,don'tattackthatpersonphysicallyorotherwise.Simplyapproachthatpersonandtellhimthathehasitallwrong.It'sbesttodothiswhenyou'reinaroomfullofpeople.__3__.Ignoreit__4__.Rumorscomeandgo.Mostofthetime,itdiesdownandanewissuetakesitsplace.Iftherumorisn'tallthatbadanddoesn'treallyaffectyouinanyway,perhapsit'sbettertoletthisoneslide.__5__Ifyoufindyourselfbattlingwitharumorintheworkplace,it'simportanttotellyourbossaboutit.Rumors,especiallynastyones,canmakeaninfluenceonyourworkperformanceandhowotherpeoplethinkofyou.A．TellyourbossB．TurntoyourbestfriendC．Ifitwerethateasy,rumorswouldn'tbesuchaproblemD．YoushoulddosomethingtomakethesituationbetterforyouE．Somepeoplesimp