2020版高考英语二轮复习 专题一 语法运用 第一节 语法填空课件

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专题一语法运用第一节语法填空【题型总览】试卷年份体裁与词数题材考查类型命题趋势无提示词类有提示词类冠词介词代词连词与状语从句定语从句名词性从句谓语动词非谓语动词词性转换名词代词比较等级全国卷Ⅰ2019说明文(191)北极熊数量减少11122211.文体特点:近三年九套高考卷的语法填空体裁全部为说明文或记叙文。材料词数为200左右。2.命题形式:短文设10个空格,有提示词的设空一般为7个,无提示词的一般为3个。提示词多为实词,主要考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)的词性转换和基本用法,如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致;名词的数;形容词和副词的比较等级等。无提示词多考查虚词的用法,主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。3.命题规律:(1)从句子结构及语法形式入手考查句子常识和基本语法,语篇中的句子结构和常见的语法形式是命题重点。(2)从词汇的本义、转义及前后缀的变化入手考查词性转换,该转换以实词中的名词、形容词、副词及动词为主。(3)虚词的考查往往一种类型只出现一次,实词的考查会出现重复,比如动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词等。2018说明文(173)跑步111122112017说明文(221)健康饮食11122111全国卷Ⅱ2019记叙文(193)年度女性1112322018说明文(188)农业发展1112232017说明文(193)伦敦的地铁历史1112131全国卷Ⅲ2019记叙文(179)跨文化交际1112232018记叙文(185)邂逅猩猩111122112017记叙文(213)人物介绍1112221【攻坚克难】A(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61.____________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62.____________(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods63.____________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensive64.(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65.____________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66.____________(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67.__________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare68.____________(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69.____________nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70.____________(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(自然生态);话题:北极熊现状。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。61.解析:考查同位语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导同位语从句,解释说明evidence的具体内容,从句中不缺少成分且意思完整,故用that引导。答案:that62.解析:考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。答案:poorly63.解析:考查介词。amethodof/fordoingsth.做某事的方法。答案:of/for64.解析:考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语+be+adj.+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。答案:toperform65.解析:考查时态。根据句中的时间状语inrecentyears可判断用现在完成时。答案:havereported66.解析:考查词性转换(动词变名词)。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知,此处应填believe的名词形式belief(看法,信念)。答案:belief67.解析:考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时,应用其动名词形式。respondbydoingsth.通过做某事回应。答案:noting68.解析:考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的than可知,此处应用high的比较级形式higher。答案:higher69.解析:考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群,故用定冠词the。答案:the70.解析:考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;six指代sixpolarbearsubpopulations,故谓语动词应用复数。答案:areB(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)A90yearoldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61.____________(be)Britain'soldestfulltimeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62.____________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63.____________(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene64.____________(declare)shehadnoplans65.____________(retire)fromher36yearoldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66.____________(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67.____________becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68.____________(say)shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwas69.____________joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's70.____________(wonder).”[语篇解读]主题:人与自我(做人与做事);话题:90岁老人荣获“年度女性奖”。本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了一位90岁的英国女性仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。语篇以积极工作为切入点,宣扬劳动精神,引导考生培养劳动意识。61.解析:考查非谓语动词。介词for后跟动词时,要用其动名词形式。答案:being62.解析:考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,thepetshop是先行词,定语从句中缺少opened的宾语,故用which引导非限制性定语从句。答案:which63.解析:考查词性转换。副词修饰动词acknowledge。答案:finally64.解析:考查时态。分析句子结构可知,主句中缺少谓语动词;结合后面的had可知,此处应使用一般过去时。答案:declared65.解析:考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语作plans的后置定语,表示“她没有退休的计划”。答案:toretire66.解析:考查时态。根据空格后的时间状语overtheyears可知,句子要用现在完成时。答案:havemade67.解析:考查连词。not...but...不是……而是……。句意:我工作不是因为我必须工作,而是因为我想工作。答案:but68.解析:考查非谓语动词。say与前面的acall之间是主谓关系,故填saying,现在分词短语saying...作后置定语,修饰acall。答案:saying69.解析:考查冠词。joke“笑话,玩笑”,是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke,且joke以辅音音素开头,故其前用a。答案:a70.解析:考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。连系动词is后面跟形容词作表语。wonder对应的形容词是wonderful。答案:wonderfulC(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining61.____________hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake62.____________(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack63.____________dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters64.____________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand65.____________(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting66.____________(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany67.____________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere68.____________(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay,we69._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