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专题一语法运用第三节核心考点讲练通重难增分二非谓语动词非谓语动词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识。1.语法填空题对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在非谓语动词作定语、宾语，此外非谓语动词作主语、表语、状语、补语也是高考语篇型语法填空的重点。2.短文改错中，有动词形式错误，如本该用动名词作主语却用了原形；在介词或某些动词后本该接动名词却用了谓语动词形式；本该用现在分词却用了过去分词。另外，不定式符号to的多用或漏用也是常考点。语法填空中的非谓语动词[高考这样考]1．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)A90yearoldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for____________(be)Britain'soldestfulltimeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.2．(2019·高考浙江卷)OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'gradesimprovedalittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant____________(wear)theuniform.3．(2019·高考北京卷)EarthDay,____________(mark)on22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.4．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyearslongerthannonrunners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong____________(see)thebenefit.5．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Anotherreasonforcorn'srise：Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice____________(improve)waterquality.[题目这么解]1．如何判定填非谓语动词：(1)若句中已有谓语动词，且不存在并列谓语，空处很可能填非谓语动词(如题3)；此时也可能涉及词性转换的问题，考生必须仔细分析句子结构，作出正确的判断；(2)若句中已有谓语动词，而又没有连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用非谓语形式。2．填什么样的非谓语动词：(1)了解句法功能，判断非谓语动词：①作伴随状语和结果状语时用现在分词；②作目的状语时用不定式的一般式(如题4，题5)；③作介词宾语时用动名词(如题1)；④缺少主语时用v.ing形式；⑤非谓语作表语时，指物用v.ing形式，指人用v.ed形式；(2)理清逻辑关系：作状语时理清非谓语动词与主语之间的关系；作定语时理清与被修饰词之间的关系；作宾语补足语时理清与宾语之间的关系。主谓形式首先考虑用v.ing形式，动宾关系考虑用v.ed形式；(3)弄清一些重点动词的用法：有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语(如题2)，有些只能用动名词作宾语；(4)利用固定搭配或用法判定非谓语动词：belikelytodosth.;havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.等。自我诊断：1.being2.towear3.marked4.tosee5.toimprove[类题对点练]1．①Hevolunteeredtohelpcontroltraffic，donating_(donate)anhourofhistimeeveryweek.②Hevolunteeredtohelpcontroltraffic，anddonated(donate)anhourofhistimeeveryweek.2．①Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture，andallhisattentionwas_fixed(fix)onit.②Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture，withallhisattentionfixed(fix)onit.③Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture，fixing(fix)allhisattentiononit.3．①Thefarmermadenoefforttogetoutthecartstuck(stick)inthemud.②Thecartgotstuck(stick)inthemud，butthefarmermadenoefforttogetitout.4．(2019·山西长治五校联考)To_catch_(catch)aglimpseofthemagnificenttreasureofnature,wetookabusfromLaSerenatoanearbytownandthenrentedacartogotothedesert.5．Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,wearing(wear)sunglasses.6．(2019·河南郑州一次质检)Weshouldpreventtheriverfrombeing_polluted(pollute)．7．(2019·湖北宜昌阶段考)Realizing_(realize)itwasourlasthighschoolsportsmeeting,wedecidedtomakeitanunforgettableexperienceforallofus.8．(2019·海南儋州统测)Cha，betterknown(know)byhispennameJinYong，diedonTuesdayattheHongKongSanatorium&Hospitalatage94.9．(2019·安徽“江淮十校”第一次联考)Hetriedhiskeyinsomeofthecars,butpeoplepassing(pass)bygavehimalookhedidn'tlike.10．(2019·河北十校联考)Mr.Smith'sdoctorsuggestednoteating(eat)coldfoodthesedays.短文改错中的非谓语动词[高考这样考]1.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly，saythatIhadatalentforfootball.____________2．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.____________3．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity;otherswerenervousandanxious.____________4．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Whensummercomes,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables！____________[题目这么解]1．非谓语动词常设错误类型：谓语动词与非谓语动词的误用(如题1)；不定式符号to的多余与遗漏(如题3，题4)；to后跟动词原形或动名词的误用；介词后动词形式的误用(如题2)；现在分词与过去分词的误用。2．非谓语动词解题方略：(1)分析其在句中的成分，根据成分判断形式；(2)要牢记make,have,let后跟动词作宾补时不加不定式符号to；(3)介词后作宾语的动词形式为动名词；(4)现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”，不定式表示“将来”；(5)遇to着重看，有没有to的省略或多余，是介词还是不定式符号；(6)看到并列连词，考虑前后谓语动词或非谓语动词的形式是否一致。自我诊断：1.say→saying2.sell→selling3.take前加to4.pick前加to[类题对点练]1．(2019·福建泉港期中联考)Comparingwithotherteachers，Mr.Moorepaysmoreattentiontohiswayofteaching.答案：ComparingComparedwithotherteachers，Mr.Moorepaysmoreattentiontohiswayofteaching.2．(2019·湖北孝感五校期中联考)Truefriendshipisthecommunicationoftheheartsandunderstandofthesouls.答案：Truefriendshipisthecommunicationoftheheartsandunderstandunderstandingofthesouls.3．(2019·湖北宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Atfirst，seenthewavescomingoneafteranother,Iwasafraid.答案：Atfirst，seenseeingthewavescomingoneafteranother,Iwasafraid.4．Insteadofseekashelter，myparentssuggestedwehelpacoupleofstallownerspacktheirbooks.答案：Insteadofseekseekingashelter，myparentssuggestedwehelpacoupleofstallownerspacktheirbooks.5．We'renevergoingtohaveenoughtimeexploreeverything!答案：We'renevergoingtohaveenoughtime∧toexploreeverything!非谓语动词的核心知识提炼一、非谓语动词作状语1．现在分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。Livingfarfromtheschool,hehastogetupearlyeverymorning.由于住得离学校远，他必须每天早起。Askedabouthisaddress,theboydidn'trespond.问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。2．非谓语动词作伴随状语、结果状语，要想到用现在分词。Thestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom，laughingandtalking.学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中国又建了更多的高速公路，这使人们从一个地方到另一地方的出行变得更容易了。(表必然的结果)【名师指津】(1)非谓语动词作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果时用不定式；表示必然的结果时用现在分词。Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(2)源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated(坐着的)，devoted(专注的)，lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)，dressedin(穿着)等。Absorbedinhisbook，hedidn'tnoticemeentertheroom.他专注于读书，没注意到我进入房间。3．非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式。Tomakeitea