搜索
专题一语法运用第三节核心考点讲练通基础保分五构词法正确运用构词法知识，是词汇学习的重要途径，同时也是扩大词汇量的一个重要方法。英语中构词法主要分为派生法、转化法和合成法。牢固掌握并熟练运用构词法知识，不仅有助于提高考生对阅读中生词进行辨识的能力，而且使其更加灵活地应对语法填空和短文改错对于词性转换的考查。语法填空中的构词法[高考这样考]1．(2019·高考浙江卷)OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno____________(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.2．(2019·高考北京卷)Nomatterwhatyouliketodo，thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious____________(activity)onEarthDay.3．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto____________(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.[题目这么解]根据语境及空格在句中作的成分判断词的正确形式1．在形容词、形容词性物主代词或冠词(＋形容词)之后要用名词(如题2)；2．暗含比较的概念或有比较级结构要用比较级；3．no后加名词表示“没……”(如题1)，加doing表示禁止；4．修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子要用副词；5．作谓语时用动词形式(en，ize前后缀构成动词)，不定式后面需用动词形式(如题3)；6．需要表达否定意思时，需加相应的表否定的前后缀。自我诊断：1.connection2.activities3.strengthen[类题对点练]1．(2019·高考浙江卷)Schooluniformsaretraditional(tradition)inBritain，butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.2．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemostsuccessful(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.3．(2017·高考浙江卷)Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticedashiny/shining(shine)object.4．(2019·河北邢台阶段检测)Idisagreed(agree)withwhathesaid,becausethecasewasnotthat.5．(2019·河北保定摸底考试)BringingtogetherWesternMedicineandTCM，ratherthanbeingincompetition_(compete)，iswherethepotentialforgreateffectslies.短文改错中的构词法[高考这样考]1．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Then，whenIwasinthefivegrade，IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteacherverymuch.____________2．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Immediate,Iraisedmyhand.____________[题目这么解]1．注意区分一些易混的词类，如名词后可加上y构成形容词，thirst→thirsty,taste→tasty，sun→sunny,juice→juicy,health→healthy。但注意honesty,difficulty,safety是由形容词honest,difficult,safe加上y/ty构成的名词；2．若动词原形、形容词、副词位于主语或宾语的位置，则错误；3．定语从句、同位语从句前面的词通常为名词，如果是其他词性，则错误；4．注意形容词和副词的修饰范围(如题2)；5．注意基数词与序数词的混用(如题1)；6．注意形相近，性/意不同的易错词，如hard努力地/hardly几乎不，besideprep.在……旁边/besidesprep.除……之外(还有)。自我诊断：1.five→fifth2.Immediate→Immediately[类题对点练]1．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.答案：Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteadysteadily.2．(2019·福建厦门期末检测)Readingmorecanbroadourhorizonsandmakeourlifecolorful.答案：Readingmorecanbroadbroadenourhorizonsandmakeourlifecolorful.3．(2019·太原阶段检测)Tomyhappy,shecouldcooksomedeliciousfoodforme.答案：Tomyhappyhappiness，shecouldcooksomedeliciousfoodforme.4．Sotheadviceisthatifyoudon'tstrugglewithyoursleep，youcannapregular—thennapsarejustfine.答案：Sotheadviceisthatifyoudon'tstrugglewithyoursleep，youcannapregularregularly—thennapsarejustfine.构词法的核心知识提炼一、形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshort→shortage不足；短缺cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私；私密domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧encedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意dark→darkness黑暗thwarm→warmth温暖；热情true→truth真实wide→width宽度ytyitydifficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能；残疾responsible→responsibility责任二、动词变名词的后缀后缀例词alapprove→approval赞成；批准arrive→arrival到来；到达survive→survival幸存propose→proposal提议；建议anceappear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导perform→performance表演；节目enceexist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考；查阅ionattract→attraction吸引construct→construction建设educate→education教育evaluate→evaluation评估graduate→graduation毕业ationexpect→expectation期待；期望explain→explanation解释consider→consideration考虑imagine→imagination想象力starve→starvation挨饿invite→invitation邀请；请柬(s)siondiscuss→discussion讨论；辩论decide→decision决定admit→admission接纳；准许入学inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始mentachieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment设备urefail→failure失败；没做到(应做之事)press→pressure压力turemix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure离开；出发yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现其他grow→growth成长；发展choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势三、动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的almusic→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的form→formal正式的nation→national全国的fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的care→careful细心的use→useful有用的help→helpful有帮助的edscare→scared感到恐惧的confuse→confused感到困惑的puzzle→puzzled迷惑的worry→worried担心的bore→bored感到厌倦的excite→excited激动的；兴奋的underline→underlined加下划线的ingsurprise→surprising令人惊讶的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人满意的worry→worrying令人担心的bore→boring令人厌烦的ibleaccess→accessible容易到达的；容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的iveact→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的instruct→instructive有教育意义的expense→expensive昂贵的ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的rain→rainy有雨的sun→sunny阳光明媚的cloud→cloudy多云的，阴天的erneast→eastern东方的；向东的west→western西方的；向西的ishchild→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的icscience→scientific科学的economy→economic经济的history→historic历史上著名的aryimagine→imaginary想象中的四、表示“人