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专题一语法运用第三节核心考点讲练通基础保分二代词和介词(一)代词近几年高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。语法填空侧重对替代词及it的用法的考查；短文改错对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等用法上。考生在解题时要根据语境、句意判断人称和数；应仔细阅读上下文，根据代词具体指代的对象和在句中充当的成分，确定代词的格。未来高考对代词的考查将继续侧重代词的基本用法，并会加强语境的真实性和复杂性。语法填空中的代词考点[高考这样考]1．(2019·高考北京卷)Nervouslyfacingchallenges，IknowIwillwhisperto____________(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．2．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind____________(they)alive.3．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing____________everyday.4．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythreemontholdtwinthathadbeenrejectedby____________(it)mother.[题目这么解]1．如何确定填代词：当句中缺少主语或宾语且无提示词时，一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词、替代词、不定代词以及it(如题3)。2．填什么代词：(1)根据所指对象确定代词；(2)根据所作成分考虑代词的格(如题1，题2，题4)；(3)牢记固定搭配；(4)熟记it的用法。自我诊断：1.myself2.them3.it4.its[类题对点练]1．(2019·山东师大附中五模)WrittenChinesecameoutinits(it)earliestformapproximately6,000yearsago.2．(2019·广东佛山一模)I'msureasIcontinuemy(I)lifehereinBeijing,IwillbesweptupinthenextnewconvenienceoflifethatChina'srapiddevelopmentisbringingout.3．(2019·四川成都外国语学校月考)ItisundeniablethatshoppingontheInternethasbecomeanirresistibletrendinmodernsociety.4．(2019·山东师大附中二模)Atthatmomentanattractiveyoungladywhonoticedmybookcameuptomeandintroducedherself(she)．5．Ratherthanbeingthebyproductofahappylife,feelinghappyhasbecomeagoalinitself(it).6．Atthattimehedevotedhimself(he)towritingandmanyofhisworkswerewrittenorpublishedthen.短文改错中的代词考点[高考这样考]1．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Fromthenon,Istartedtoplaymyfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.____________2．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.____________3．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Ihaddonemyselfhomework,butIwasshy.____________4．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself...Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.____________[题目这么解]1．代词前后要一致(1)看到代词，思考它与指代内容是否一致(如题4)；(2)看到代词，思考它的数、所有格是否正确；(3)看到不定代词，思考它的含义、特点、作用及与其相近不定代词的区别；(4)易受汉语影响，各类代词的多余与缺失；(5)判断该用否定还是肯定意义，还应注意是否是部分否定现象。2．分辨句子成分：修饰名词常用形容词性物主代词；单独使用常用名词性物主代词；宾语用代词的宾格；注意反身代词(如题2，题3)。3．固定搭配中代词的错用，多余及缺失(如题1)。自我诊断：1.去掉my2.yourselves→themselves3.myself→my/the4.your→my[类题对点练]1．Onceyouhavefoundsuchtruefriends，dotreasurehim.答案：Onceyouhavefoundsuchtruefriends，dotreasurehimthem.2．(2019·河南郑州一中阶段检测)LocatedinJiaxing，ZhejiangProvince，Wuzhenhasahistoryofabout6,000years.Likemanysmalltownsinthesouthernarea，whichhasalotofsmallbridgesgoingovercleanstreams.答案：LocatedinJiaxing，ZhejiangProvince，Wuzhenhasahistoryofabout6,000years.Likemanysmalltownsinthesouthernarea，whichithasalotofsmallbridgesgoingovercleanstreams.3．(2019·湖北襄阳调研)Thesunwasburninghotandeveryonequicklyranoutofwater.Later,thegroup'sleadertookoutawaterbottleandsaid，“Ifoundabottleofwaterinmybag.Butuntilwehavepassedthroughthedesert,anybodyisallowedtodrinkit.”答案：Thesunwasburninghotandeveryonequicklyranoutofwater.Later,thegroup'sleadertookoutawaterbottleandsaid，“Ifoundabottleofwaterinmybag.Butuntilwehavepassedthroughthedesert,anybodynobodyisallowedtodrinkit.”4．Wealllikedthisactivitywhichgavemerelaxationfromheavyschoolworkandpromotedourfriendship.答案：Wealllikedthisactivitywhichgavemeusrelaxationfromheavyschoolworkandpromotedourfriendship.代词考点的核心知识提炼一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1．人称代词第三人称的主格(he,she,it,they)与宾格(him,her,it,them)常指代前文或后文出现的人或物。2．形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)在句中作定语，常表示物体的所属关系；而名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs)在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不可以作定语。3．反身代词(myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves)表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。反身代词的习惯用法有：adaptoneselfto适应dressoneself自己穿衣occupyoneselfwith忙于devoteoneselfto致力于enjoyoneself玩得开心expressoneself表达自己helponeself随便吃byoneself单独地二、替代词that,those,one,ones1．that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，其复数形式为those。Thepriceofriceishigherthanthatofflour.(that指带price)2．one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones。三、不定代词的用法1．both表示“两者都”；either表示“两者中任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”；它们都可作主语、宾语和定语。2．all和none都强调三者或三者以上，all表示“全部都”，而none表示“全部都不”。3．another表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”；theother意为“(两者中的)另一个”；other意为“其余的，另外的”；others泛指其余的人或物。Therearetwopenshere.Oneishis,andtheotherisTom's.Somelikestayingathomeattheweekend;otherslikegoingtothecinema.四、it的用法1．it可指代事物或上文提到过的内容。2．it可作形式主语或形式宾语，用来指代不定式、动词ing形式或从句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。3．表示“喜欢，恨”等心理方面的动词后面跟从句时，要先接it，再接从句，这类动词有like,love,hate,dislike,appreciate等。4．it常用于一些固定搭配中，如itisnowonderthat“难怪……”；makeit“成功；赶上”；whenitcomesto...“当提到……”等。(二)介词高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。短文改错题对介词的考查主要涉及介词的多余、缺失或误用，其中固定搭配中介词的误用是考查的重点。因此，考生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时，注意总结和积累其与名词、形容词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。语法填空中的介词考点[高考这样考]1．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethods__________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s...2．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree____________engineeringorarchitecture.3．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Mostofusaremorefocused____________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.4．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback____________mydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s...自我诊断：1.for/of2.in3.on4.to[题目这么解]