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基础语法专题(五)形容词和副词1．比较等级①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears(long)thannonrunners.③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe(loud)ofall.higherlongerloudest④(2018·6月浙江高考)Therecouldbeaneven(high)costonyourhealth.⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.⑥(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof(great)andlessimportance.higherworsegreater2．派生出的形容词⑦(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Wearesoproudofher.It's(wonder)．⑧(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.⑨(2019·6月浙江高考)Schooluniformsare(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.⑩(2019·北京高考)...it'snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand(meaning)collegeexperience.wonderfultraditionaltraditionalmeaningful⑪(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit'salways(energy)．⑫(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.⑬(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel(challenge)．energeticglobalchallenged⑭(2018·6月浙江高考)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.⑮(2017·11月浙江高考)Oneofthe(effect)waystobuildvocabularyistoreadgoodbooks.⑯(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However,be(care)nottogotoextremes.⑰(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.affordableeffectivecarefulsuccessful3．派生出的副词⑱(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied...⑲(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhave(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.⑳(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere(huge)popularwithtourists.poorlyfinallyhugely○21(2019·6月浙江高考)Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan(easy)seethem.○22(2018·11月浙江高考)(recent),caffeinehasfounditswayintoorange,apple,andotherflavoreddrinks.○23(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Atasteformeatis(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.○24(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.easilyRecentlyactuallyfairly○25(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Itis(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.○26(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.certainlyofficially[考情聚焦]1.形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题必须要掌握的知识。2.形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是整个句子。,3.语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的转化等。(一)从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和宾语补足语，常和名词、代词有关联；副词在句中主要作状语，也可作表语、定语或宾语补足语，主要修饰动词、形容词和副词，也可在句首表示状态，修饰整个句子。1．形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。2．形容词在句中作表语，常放在be,get,become,remain等系动词后。3．形容词在句中作宾语补足语，其前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。4．副词在句中修饰动词、形容词或副词。5．副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。(二)从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点1．动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词able可……的；能……的accept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的后缀例词al与……有关的music→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的；私人的centre→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的form→formal正式的nation→national全国的ful充满……的；有……性质或倾向的doubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的care→careful细心的use→useful有用的help→helpful有帮助的后缀例词ed感到……的scare→scared感到恐惧的confuse→confused感到困惑的puzzle→puzzled感到迷惑的worry→worried担心的bore→bored感到厌倦的excite→excited激动的；兴奋的determine→determined有决心的ing令人……的surprise→surprising令人惊讶的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人满意的worry→worrying令人担心的bore→boring令人厌烦的后缀例词ible可……的；能……的access→accessible容易到达的；容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的ive与……有关的；有……倾向的act→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的instruct→instructive有教育意义的expense→expensive昂贵的后缀例词ous多……的；有……特性的continue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的some引起……的tire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的y具有……性质或特点的taste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的rain→rainy多雨的sun→sunny阳光明媚的cloud→cloudy阴天的后缀例词ern表示方位、地点等……的east→eastern东方的；向东的west→western西方的；向西的ish有……性质或特点child→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的ic与……有关的science→scientific科学的economy→economic经济的history→historic历史(上)的；有关历史的en由……制成或构成的gold→golden金的wood→wooden木制的wool→woolen羊毛的2．形容词变副词的规则一般情况加lycommon→commonlyimmediate→immediately以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加lyeasy→easilyhappy→happilybusy→busily以le结尾，去掉e加ysimple→simplygentle→gently以ic结尾，加allyeconomic→economicallyscientific→scientifically[名师点津](1)注意形近词hard与hardly，前者表示“努力”，后者表示“几乎不”。(2)像deep,high,slow等本身也是副词，加上ly后还是副词，此时前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。(3)注意以ly结尾的形容词：friendly,lovely,lonely,deadly,daily,monthly,weekly,yearly等。(三)从句子结构上看，厘清“比较级和最高级”1．根据比较等级的句式判断，如