2020版高考英语二轮复习 专题四 语法填空 基础语法专题（四）介词课件 新人教版

基础语法专题(四)介词1．介词的基本用法①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodstrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s...②(2019·北京高考)Firstcelebrated1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区)．③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.of/forinas④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull­timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.⑤(2016·四川高考)Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpandamorethantwoyears.⑥(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it'sonlyanhourawaycarandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter­knowncity.inforby2．含介词的固定搭配⑦(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackdogs,seventobeexact.⑧(2019·6月浙江高考)Theanswerthisquestionisnotclear.⑨(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)IwassearchingthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.⑩(2018·6月浙江高考)Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum'shomedinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.oftoforfor⑪(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandwork.⑫(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbackmydaysonaTVshowinthemid­1980s...⑬(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Mostofusaremorefocusedourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.⑭(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocoolthehouseduringthehotday;thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.fromtoonat[考情聚焦]1.高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。因此，考生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时，注意总结和积累其与名词、形容词和动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。2.语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。(一)分清几组常见的介词1．表示时间的in,on,at,forin表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等。on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。at表示某个时间点、时刻等。for“for＋时间段”表示“长达……”。2．表示时间的in和afterin表示“在……时间之内/之后”，所在的句子必须表示将来。after表示“在……时间之后”，通常“after＋时间段”与过去时连用。3.表示方位的through和acrossthrough表示“从……的内部穿过”。across表示“从……表面穿过”。4.表示交通方式的by和on/inby后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词。on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。5.表示工具或手段的by,in,withby指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词。in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。with多用于表示工具或身体部位的名词前。(二)注意几个关键点1．及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需再加介词。2．last,next等后跟名词表时间时无需加介词。3．不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。4．避免受汉语的影响。例如：“在……帮助下”的英语表达应用withthehelpof而不是underthehelpof。(三)熟记常考的几类固定搭配1．动词＋介词applyfor申请approveof同意belongto属于believein信任comefrom来自comeacross碰见dependon依靠dealwith处理headfor前往standfor代表lookinto调查leadto导致searchfor寻找setabout开始；着手stickto坚持sendfor派人去叫accountfor说明……的原因concentrateon全神贯注于learnfrom向……学习operateon给……动手术meetwith偶然遇见；遭受payfor为……付款preparefor为……做准备sufferfrom遭受；患病serveas担任……，充当……referto查阅；参考；谈到；指的是2．动词＋副词＋介词breakawayfrom脱离catchupwith赶上putupwith忍受goonwith继续lookforwardto盼望getcloseto接近lookoutfor小心lookdownupon看不起lookaroundfor四处寻找gobackto回去；追溯到goinfor参加；从事；追求thinkhighlyof对……评价很高getalongwellwith与……相处很好3．动词＋名词＋介词payattentionto注意takecareof照顾takeadvantageof利用makeuseof利用makefunof取笑havetrustin信任catchsightof看见；瞥见getridof摆脱takepartin参加playatrickon捉弄takepridein为……感到骄傲playapartin在……中扮演角色；参与showaninterestin对……感兴趣haveatalent/giftfor有……的天赋haveaneffecton对……有影响keepaneyeon留意；密切注视playajokeon开某人的玩笑havedifficultywith在……方面有困难shakehandswith与……握手4．动词＋oneself＋介词(＝be＋v＋介词)adaptoneselfto适应accustomoneselfto适应applyoneselfto致力于addictoneselfto沉湎于abandononeselfto沉溺于buryoneselfin埋头于busyoneselfwith忙于devoteoneselfto致力于，献身于5．be＋形容词＋介词begoodat善于befamiliarwith熟悉befondof喜爱；喜欢beproudof以……自豪beafraidof害怕befullof充满beaccustomedto习惯于beusedto习惯于berelatedto与……有关beequalto等于；胜任berichin富含belatefor迟到befitfor适合besimilarto与……类似beangrywith对……生气beabsorbedin专心于beconcernedabout关心；挂念bebusywithsth.忙于某事becontentwith对……满意besatisfiedwith对……满意bepopularwithsb.受某人的欢迎bepatientwithsb.对某人有耐心betiredof(＝befedupwith)对……厌倦betiredfrom因……感到疲劳beawareof知道；意识到beabsentfrom缺席；未到场bedifferentfrom与……不同beinterestedin对……感兴趣besurprisedat对……感到惊讶bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格beashamedof对……感到惭愧6．介词＋名词ataloss不知所措atpeace处于和平中atwar处于交战状态atwork在工作onfire着火onsale出售；打折ontheway在途中onaccountof因为byaccident/chance偶然byair/plane乘飞机bycoincidence巧合地byhand用手工bymistake错误地bytheday按天算bynature天生地incash用现金付款indepth在深度上indetail详细地inheight在高度上inlength在长度上inEnglish用英语innotime立刻innoway决不inplaceof代替inadditionto另外inchargeof掌管……inreturn作为报答；回报inspiteof尽管inexchangefor作为交换infavourof支持；赞成inpossessionof拥有；占有incaseof万一；如果；假如inmemoryof纪念；追念inhonourof为向……表示敬意onbehalfof代表；作为……的代言人atthebeginningof在……的开始atthemercyof在……支配下；任由……摆布onthedecrease/increase在减少/在增加atthecostof以……的代价attheriskof冒……的危险onexhibition/show在展出onholiday/vacation在度假onnoaccount/condition决不单句语法填空1．Thankshishelp,Ifinishedthetaskontime.2．thenextfewyearsitquicklybecamethemaintradingcenterinBritain.3．Accordingtoexperts，thekeytheForbiddenCity'sstrength,aswellasotherancientChinesestructures,liesindougong(斗栱)—acenturies­oldbuildingmethodinventedinChina.4．Studentsmustoftengooneclassinonebuildingtothenextclassinanotherbuildingacrosscampus.5．GuanYu,ageneralfromtheThreeKingdomsPeriod(A.D.220－280),isagoodexampleofthiskindofcharacter.Heisfamousbeingveryloyaltohisemperor,LiuBei.toDuring/Intofromfor6．ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeo