第一部分专项增分练板块一语法板块——语法填空和短文改错——两题型,语法牵,夺取满分不一般第一部分题型通路题型一语法填空——把握信息暗示,熟练运用语法,巧解语法填空研题型•解锁疑难做真题•感悟高考目录ONTENTSC刷题组•题型突破[做真题·感悟高考]真题体验透视命题规律命题有规律①除2016年全国卷Ⅲ语法填空有提示词类题与无提示词类题的比例为6∶4外,近几年全国卷的比例均为7∶3②有提示词类题必考动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、非谓语动词和词性转换③无提示词类题中以考查介词(短语)、动词短语、助动词、情态动词、代词、冠词、并列连词和复合句为主请先按3步法答题规范做题,再核对答案解析:(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61.theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62.(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods63.trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensive64.(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65.(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66.(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67.(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare68.(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69.nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70.(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(自然生态);话题:北极熊现状。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。61.解析:考查同位语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导同位语从句,解释说明evidence的具体内容,从句中不缺少成分且意思完整,故用that引导。答案:that62.解析:考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。答案:poorly63.解析:考查介词。amethodof/fordoingsth.做某事的方法。答案:of/for64.解析:考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语+be+adj.+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。答案:toperform65.解析:考查时态。根据句中的时间状语inrecentyears可判断用现在完成时。答案:havereported66.解析:考查词性转换(动词变名词)。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知,此处应填believe的名词形式belief(看法,信念)。答案:belief67.解析:考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时,应用其动名词形式。respondbydoingsth.通过做某事回应。答案:noting68.解析:考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的than可知,此处应用high的比较级形式higher。答案:higher69.解析:考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群,故用定冠词the。答案:the70.解析:考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;six指代sixpolarbearsubpopulations,故谓语动词应用复数。答案:are第一步:通读全文,留心整体时态通读全文可知本文主体时态是一般现在时。第二步:运用技巧,边读边填(1)提示词为动词——定谓与非谓,考虑词性转换①句中无谓语动词:填谓语动词,考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。(第65、70空)②句中已有谓语,且设空不是并列谓语:考虑用动词的ing形式、ed形式或todo(不定式)形式。(第64、67空)③既不作谓语也不作非谓语:分析成分转换为名词或形容词。(第66空)(2)提示词为形容词/副词——分析成分,考虑词性转换和比较级或最高级①词性需变化:将所给形容词转换为副词或名词。(第62空)②词性不变:利用标志词或句型判断用比较级或最高级。(第68空)③词性不变:句意表反义,填反义词。(3)提示词为名词/代词——考虑词性转换、数与格的变化①提示词是名词:词性不变,考虑填其复数。②提示词是名词:需变化词性,按所作成分转换为动词或形容词。③提示词是代词:分析成分,转换为对应的物主代词、宾格代词或反身代词。(4)不给提示词填空——分析语境,考虑前后逻辑①若缺主语或宾语:考虑填代词,it是高考考查重点。②若名词/动名词/代词/数词前缺词:填冠词或介词。(第63、69空)③空格后为句子,该句不与前后的句子并列时:填从句的引导词。(第61空)第三步:复读全文,仔细核查仔细复读全文,在确保文意通顺的前提下,检查所填词的形式是否正确,注意大小写是否正确,单词要书写规范。一、有提示词类(一)提示词为动词——“一定三思”解“动词”[研题型·解锁疑难]题型突破揭示命题热点[分析]第一空在句中作定语修饰名词poems,应用非谓语,write与poems是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语,填written;第二空在从句中作谓语,根据语境可知指的是客观事实,故用一般现在时,主语是thestory,故谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填describes。[分析]设空后是名词accents,应用形容词作定语修饰,故填different。[答案核查]1.written;describes2.different用所给词的正确形式填空Findyourpurposeandshareitwiththeworld,andyou1.(be)happier.Thisisbecauseyou'redoingwhatisrightforyouandwhatisimportanttoyou.Ifyoudon'thaveareason2.(get)upinthemorning,thenyouwillnot3.(motivate)eventobrushyourteeth.Whatisyourpurpose?Ifyou'renotsure,beginbyaskingyourselfwhat4.(make)youfeelgreat.Yourpurposedoesn'thavetobetochangetheworld.Caringforyourfamily,friends,andthoseinneed5.(be)awonderfulwaytolive,butitisapurposethatnotenoughpeopletakeup.Indeed,sometimesweforget6.(take)careofthepeoplewelove.1.解析:该句是“祈使句+and+简单句”结构,简单句谓语用一般将来时,填willbe。答案:willbe2.解析:设空在句中作定语,应用非谓语动词。thereasontodosth.“做某事的理由”。答案:toget3.解析:主语you与motivate是动宾关系,应用被动语态,设空前是willnot,故该空应填bemotivated。答案:bemotivated4.解析:依据全文可确定本句使用一般现在时,又因what在宾语从句中作主语,故谓语动词应用单数形式。答案:makes5.解析:动名词在句中作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,故填is。答案:is6.解析:forgettodosth.“忘记做某事”。答案:totake(二)提示词为名词、形容词、副词、代词或数词——“一看词性二看数”[分析]第一空前是oneofthe,空后是表示范围的介词短语inourcountry,故该空应填形容词最高级;第二空在句中修饰谓语hasbeenheld,应用副词,故填finally。[分析]makeadifferenceto“对……有影响”。[答案核查]3.greatest;finally4.difference用所给词的正确形式填空Mostof1.(we)arenostrangertotheanalogclock(指针时钟),asit'softentheonlywaytotellthetimewhenwetakeexams.However,insomeUKexamhalls,theanalogclockswillbereplacedwithdigital2.(one),becausesomestudents3.(recent)complainedthattheycouldn'treadthetimeonanalogclocks.UKstudentsaresupposedtobeabletotellthetimeontheanalogclockbythetimetheyturnto4.(eleventh)yearsold.However,this5.(able)hassufferedinrecentyearsbecauseoftheoveruseofdigital6.(device).7.(actual),theimpactofdigitalizationcouldbeeven8.(big),withanincreasingnumberofUKchildrenbecominglessabletousepensandpencilstowrite.1.解析:设空在句中作介词of的宾语,应填宾格代词us。答案:us2.解析:设空在句中指代前面提到的复数名词clocks,应用ones代替,故填ones。答案:ones3.解析:设空在句中作状语修饰谓语动词complained,应用副词,故填recently。答案:recently4.解析:设空在句中修饰复数名词years,应用基数词,故填eleven。答案:eleven5.解析:设空前是指示代词this,设空后是谓语hassuffered,该空应填单数名词作主语,故填ability。答案:ability6.解析:device“设备”,是可数名词,电子设备不止一个,故应用复数形式。答案:devices7.解析:设空在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词作状语,故填Actually。答案:Actually8.解析:设空前是even,故设空处应用比较级,故填bigger。答案:bigger二、无提示词类(一)代词、冠词或引导词——成分分析法[分析]know后的宾语从句在句意上缺少“是否”,应用whether或if引导宾语从句;第二空是固定短语therestof“剩余的……”。[分析]非限制性定语从句先行词是meeting,指物,从句中缺少主语,应用关系代词which引导定语从句,故填which。[答案核查]1.whether/if;the2.which用适当的冠词、代词或从句引导词填空It'snosecretthatk