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(二)代词(三)介词(短语)和动词短语(一)冠词目录ONTENTSC第一部分专项增分练板块一语法板块——语法填空和短文改错——两题型，语法牵，夺取满分不一般第二部分考点通关第5讲不可忽视的小词——冠词、代词、介词(短语)和动词短语明考向语法填空侧重考查it和人称代词，含冠词和介词的固定短语及动词短语短文改错侧重考查冠词的基本用法，固定短语和人称代词的人称、数和性别的一致(一)冠词[析考点·规律探密]典题体验透视命题规律[考点练悟]1．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshortlisted，wethoughtitwasjoke.2．(2019·高考浙江卷)Everybodywearssamestyleofclothes.3．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly,I'mfacetofacewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingattopofherlungs.athethe4．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofovertop.5．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Instead，sheisearning￡6,500adayasmodelinNewYork.6．Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottlefed,otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.7．Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforwhile,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.theathea8．Heownedfarm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.9．Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyevenmostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.10．(2019·济宁市模拟)Later,Hongbaodevelopedintomoregeneralbestwishesandablessingonyoung.athethe[自主归纳]考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1冠词的基本用法1,2,4,5,82冠词的固定搭配或习惯用法3,6,7,9,10[要点提炼]1．不定冠词的基本用法(1)表示泛指某个人或事物。(2)用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指。(3)表示“某一个”，相当于acertain。(4)用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。(5)用于固定搭配中。2．定冠词的基本用法(1)特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。(2)用于单数可数名词或形容词前，表示一类人或物。(3)用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only,very,same等之前。(4)用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。(5)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。(6)用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。(7)用于世界上独一无二的事物前。[考点练悟](单句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)1．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.答案：Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanauniquestyle.2．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.答案：Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwentto∧thecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.3．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Asthekid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem，myparentswouldnotletme.答案：Astheakid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons，butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem，myparentswouldnotletme.4．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.答案：Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutaan/onehourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.5．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinpicturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.答案：Aroundmein∧the/thispicturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.6．Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.答案：Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichintheashortperiodoftime.7．Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.答案：Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleabout∧theworld.8．Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.答案：Thereareallkindsofthe﹨flowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.[自主归纳]考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1冠词的基本用法的错用3,62冠词的缺失或多余2,5,7,83a和an的错用1,4[特别提示](二)代词[析考点·规律探密]典题体验透视命题规律[考点练悟]1．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind(they)alive.2．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25,000peoplewereusingeveryday.themit3．(2017·高考浙江卷)“ShethoughtIhadhurt(I)，”saysPahlsson.4．Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythreemontholdtwinthathadbeenrejectedby(it)mother.5．Afewhoursbefore,I'dbeenathomeinHongKong,with(it)chokingsmog.myselfitsits[自主归纳]考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1人称代词、反身代词、物主代词1,3,4,52代词it的用法2[解题规则]1．人称代词主格在句中只能作主语，一般在纯空格题中考查。2．人称代词宾格在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。3．形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语。4．名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。5．反身代词在句中作宾语、主语或宾语的同位语。6．it可以指代前面提到的物，或猜测不确定的人，或指时间、距离、环境、天气等，还可作形式主语或形式宾语，或用于强调结构。7．all，both，neither，either，none，any的用法：(1)both，neither，either：both表示“两者都”；neither表示“两者都不”；either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”。(2)all，none，any：表示“三者或三者以上都”用all；表示“都不”用none；表示其中的“任一”用any。8．one，theone，theones，that，those的用法：在文中为避免重复，one(s)，that，those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。(1)one代替的是前面提到的同类异物中的任何一个，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”；ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词，也表泛指。(2)that代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，其前面通常不能有修饰语，但可以有后置定语。(3)those代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物，只能指代可数名词复数，相当于theones。9．another，theother，other，others的用法：another表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”；theother表示“(两者中的)另一个”；other表示“其余的，另外的”；others泛指其余的人或物。[考点练悟](单句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)1．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.答案：Inthecafe，customerswillenjoyyourselvesthemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.2．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)ThefirsttimeIwentthere，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs，ducks，andanotheranimals.答案：ThefirsttimeIwentthere，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs，ducks，andanotherotheranimals.3．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.答案：Mr.andMrs.Zhangallboth或allall﹨workinourschool.4．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.答案：Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourmyhighschooldays.5．Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.答案：Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.6．Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.答案：Iwantedtodoanythingsomethingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.7．It'sbeenthreeSatu