2020版高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 知识运用天天练 第一讲 时态、语态与主谓一致课件

第二部分知识运用天天练第一讲时态、语态与主谓一致1．单句语法填空(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthave__reported(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysitis__(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.(3)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrenedeclared__(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36­year­oldbusiness.(4)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steamengineswere__used__(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.2．单句改错(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.is改为was__(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.find改为found(3)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)．..butonceIstartedthecar，mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.goes改为went1．一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Icefeelscold.Theseorangestastegood.Theyalwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belongto，seem等。Helikeshisbike.AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。I'llwritetoherwhenIhavetime.(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。Theshopclosesat11：00p．m.everyday.TomorrowisWednesday.2．一般过去时考点分析(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。Wemetherinthestreetyesterday.Whenhewasyoung，hetookcoldbathsregularly.Ididn'texpecttoseeyoustudyingatthelibrary.(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but，and，when，assoonas，immediately，themoment，theminute等。Heboughtawatchbutlostit.Themomentshecamein，shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.(4)常用一般过去时的句型。Whydidn'tyouthinkofthat?Ididn'tnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididn'trecognizehim.3．现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以和for，since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months，weeks...)，inrecentyears，sofar，uptonow等。(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时。Itis(hasbeen)＋一段时间＋since从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second...)timethat＋现在完成时This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting...＋that＋现在完成时(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment，youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.4．被动语态考点分析动词的被动语态的构成方式：be＋过去分词，口语中也用“get/become＋过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)．(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher)．Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.(4)情态动词，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.(5)当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：①谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。②用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。Peoplesayheisasmartboy.Heissaidtobeasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.类似句型有：Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat...5．主谓一致考点分析一般地，主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。但也有一些特殊情况，具体如下：(1)动名词、动词不定式、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessintheworld.爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。Everythingisinacompletemess，whichdrivespeoplecrazy.所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。(2)主语后跟有with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。Mr.Smith，togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters，isgoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。IthinkTom，ratherthanyouistoblamefortheaccident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。(3)由“kind，type，sort，aquantityof，quantitiesof”等修饰主语时，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。Thisnewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。Withmoreandmoreforestsbeingdestroyed，alargequantityofgoodearthisbeingwashedawayeachyear.＝Withmoreandmoreforestsbeingdestroyed，quantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。(4)“morethanone/manya＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。Morethanonepersonisinvolvedinthis.与此事有牵连的不止一个人。EveryboyandeverygirlwishestoattendthepartytobeheldonSunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日即将举办的聚会。1．单句语法填空(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onthelastdayofourweek­longstay，wewere__invited(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstarted(start)asoil­testingprogramwhich/thatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011，fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.(3)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast