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第二部分知识运用天天练第七讲名词性从句与定语从句1．单句语法填空(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence__thattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic，andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，whichsheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.(3)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(4)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedthebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.2．单句改错(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Inthecafe，customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.what改为that/which(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpond，whichtheyraisedfish.which前加in或改为where(3)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.that改为which1．名词性从句考点分析(1)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。Thatshewillsucceediscertain.→Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.Whatheneedsismoreexperience.(2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则常用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.(3)有些动词(短语)带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，seeto等。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(4)同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，evidence，belief，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)ThehopethattheyexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)2．定语从句考点分析在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。Hewasthefirststudentthatfinishedthehomework.(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，few等修饰时。HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。Allthatyouwantarehere.(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。Heisanartist，whichIamnot.(2)当关系词前有介词时。in/at/on/duringwhich＝when指时间in/at/fromwhich＝where指地点forwhich＝why指原因BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.(3)当先行词本身是that时。Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.(4)关系词后有插入语时。HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich，asIhavetoldyou，willhelpimproveyourEnglish.1．单句语法填空(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoiltestingprogramthat/whichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011，fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'mnotsurewhoismorefrightened，meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.(3)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Likeanything，itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，whichisnotgoodforthehealth.(4)(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah，whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.2．单句改错(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iwasafraidthattospeakinfrontofalargegroupofpeople.that去掉(2)(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.they改为that/which