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Unit2GrowingpainsSectionⅢGrammar定语从句(Ⅱ)语境自主领悟先观察原句①Inthecorner，thereisagarbagecanaroundwhicharepiecesofgarbageandwastepaper.②MycousinisapersonwithwhomIstayedwhenIwasyoung.③IoftenthinkofthemomentwhenIfirstsawher.④Perhapsthereisareasonwhythehouseisinamess.⑤Mikewantstoworkinacountrywheretherearealotofforests.语境自主领悟后自主感悟1.例句①②中含“______________”引导的定语从句，而且关系词作介词的____。2.例句______中含关系副词引导的定语从句，而且，关系副词在从句中作状语。why作____状语；where作____状语；when作____状语。介词＋关系代词宾语③④⑤原因地点时间语法精要点拨一、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1．在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词通常是which和whom，which指物，whom指人。[即时训练1]用“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句合并句子①Thereasonisthathewasillyesterday.Hedidnothandinhishomeworkforthatreason.→___________________________________________________________________________________Thereasonforwhichhedidnothandinhishomeworkisthathewasillyesterday.②TheEnglishplaywasagreatsuccess.ThestudentsactedinitattheNewYear'sparty.→__________________________________________________________________________________③Whoistheman？Youshookhandswithhimjustnow.→__________________________________________________TheEnglishplayinwhichthestudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.Whoisthemanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnow?2．“介词＋which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when，where，why。Ishallrememberthedaysinwhich(when)westudiedtogetherforever.我将永远记住我们一起学习的日子。Lastyearmyparentswenttothefarmonwhich(where)theyworked30yearsagoagain.去年我父母又去了他们30年前工作过的那个农场。Isthisthereasonforwhich(why)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？[即时训练2]用适当的关系副词取代“介词＋关系代词”①Theraincameatatimeatwhichitwasnotneeded.____②I'llneverforgetthevillageinwhichIspentmychildhood._____③Hedidn'tgiveanyreasonforwhichIhadbeenfired.___3．“介词＋whose”修饰后面的名词。ThisisMrWang，inwhosefactoryIworkedlastyear.这就是王先生，我去年在他的工厂工作过。whenwherewhy4．关系代词前介词的确定方法(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定。ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearnedaboutthenews./ThisisthemanwhomIlearnedaboutthenewsfrom.我就是从这个人那儿听到那个消息的。(whom代指theman，介词根据learn...from来确定)(2)根据先行词来确定。Inthisroom，wesawabigtableonwhichtherewereallkindsoffruits.在这个房间里，我们看到一张上面放着各种各样的水果的大桌子。(which代指abigtable，介词根据onthetable来确定)(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。Helosthisglasses，withoutwhich，hecouldn'tseeanything.他丢了眼镜，没有它，他什么也看不见。[即时训练3]用适当的介词填空①He'stheboy__whomhisparentsarebothproud.②Totellyouthetruth，thesinger___whomyouarewaitingwon'tcometonight.③Asweallknow，theage__whichchildrencangotoschoolisseven.offorat[名师点津](1)介词提前，关系代词不可省略。(2)介词提前时只能使用“介词＋which(指事物)”以及“介词＋whom(指人)”结构，不能使用that，也不能使用who。ThepersontowhomheisspeakingisourEnglishteacher.＝Theperson(who/whom/that)heisspeakingtoisourEnglishteacher.正跟他说话的人是我们的英语老师。(3)若定语从句中的短语是固定搭配，拆开便失去了原来的意义，则介词通常不能前置到关系代词之前。如lookfor，lookafter，takecareof等。Thisistheoldmanwhomhe'slookingafter.这就是他正在照顾的老人。(从句中的lookafter为固定短语，不能拆开)(4)“介词短语＋关系代词”也可以引导定语从句。Helivesinabighouse，infrontofwhichstandsabigtree.他住在一座大房子里，房前有棵大树。二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词含义where表示地点的名词：抽象地点和具体地点“(在)……地方”，相当于“介词＋which”when表示时间的名词“在……时候”，相当于“介词＋which”whyreason“为什么”，相当于forwhich1.当表示时间的名词，如time、period、age、day、year、moment、month、occasion等作先行词时，如果定语从句缺状语，则用when引导，亦可用“介词＋which”代替。April1stisthedaywhenpeoplemakefunofothers.＝April1stisthedayonwhichpeoplemakefunofothers.4月1日是人们捉弄别人的日子。2．当先行词是表示地点的place、factory、room、play、activity、case、point、situation、scene等名词时，若定语从句缺状语，则用where引导，亦可用“介词＋which”替代。Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?＝Canyoutellmetheofficeinwhichheworks?你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗？3．当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，而且从句又缺状语时，则用why引导，也可用“forwhich”替代。Thisisthereasonwhyhewentaway.＝Thisisthereasonforwhichhewentaway.这就是他离开的原因。[即时训练4]用适当的关系副词填空①Thenextday，mybrotherandIwenttothebeach_____wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.②Thereason___herefusedtoattendthemeetingwasthattheydidn'tgivehimaninvitationearlier.③Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alexisalwayslongingforthetime____heshouldbeabletobeindependent.wherewhywhen4．先行词是way的定语从句way(方式，方法)作先行词，后接定语从句时，若从句引导词在从句中作状语，则引导词用inwhich或that，引导词也可省略；当引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时，引导词用which/that。Theway(that/inwhich)hetreatshischildrenisverygood.他对待孩子的方式非常好。Thewaywhich/thatyoutoldmeyesterdaydoesn'twork.你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。[即时训练5]完成句子①他给我们解释的方法非常简单。Theway_____________________________wasquitesimple.②他回答问题的方式令人惊奇。Theway__________________________________wassurprising.that/whichheexplainedtous(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestion[名师点津]区别使用关系代词还是关系副词的方法是看他们在定语从句中充当的成分。关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词充当状语。Thisisthefactorythat/whichproducesradios.Thisisthefactorywhereradiosareproduced.这就是那家生产收音机的工厂。语法应用落实Ⅰ.用关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”填空1．Istillremembertheday_____________Iwasadmittedtothekeymiddleschool.2．Isthereabookstorearound______________IcanbuyanEnglishChinesedictionary?3．Mr.Carpenteristheperson_______wealwaysturnforhelp.4．Isthisthecar________youcame?when/onwhichwhere/inwhichtowhominwhich5．Weenjoyedtheatmosphere______________wecouldtalkinafriendlyway.6．Theytalkedaboutlotsofhistoricalfigures，many_______Ididn'tknow.7．Theway________hetreatedhisparentssurprisedeveryonepresent.where/inwhichofwhominwhich8．InEnglandtherewasatime_____________peoplehadnolastnames.9．Thereason_____________Icamehereistogetyourhelp.10．Artissomething___________Iknowverylittle.when/atwhichwhy/forwhichaboutwhichⅡ.单句改错1．ThatisnotthehospitalthatIstayedlasttime.___________2．Doy