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Unit3Lifeinthefuture1学习目标展示2背景知识链接学习目标展示类别课程标准要求掌握的项目话题Predictionthegoodandbadchangesinthefuture;lifeinthefuture词汇aspectimpressionconstantconstantlyjetpreviousuncertainguidetabletcapsulestewardstewardessopeningsidewayssurroundingstoleratelackadjustmentmaskcarriagepressfastenbeltflashswitchtimetableoptimisticmuddesertcitizentypisttypewriterpostagepostcodebuttoninstantreceiverdustbinecologygreedyswallowmaterialrecyclegoodsrepresentativesettlementmotivationtakeupbebackonone’sfeetsafetybeltlosesightofsweepupslideintospeedup类别课程标准要求掌握的项目功能作出预测(Makingpredictions)Doyousupposethat...?Supposethat....Iwonderif....Doyouimaginethat...?Iimaginethat....Itislikely/unlikelythat....Itispossiblethat....Mostlikely....I’msure....Probably....Perhaps/Maybe/Possibly....类别课程标准要求掌握的项目功能作出预测(Makingpredictions)Doyousupposethat...?Supposethat....Iwonderif....Doyouimaginethat...?Iimaginethat....Itislikely/unlikelythat....Itispossiblethat....Mostlikely....I’msure....Probably....Perhaps/Maybe/Possibly....类别课程标准要求掌握的项目语法过去分词作状语和定语(ThePastParticipleastheAdverbialandAttribute)Thereisnothingplannedonthetimetabletoday.Wellknownfortheirexpertise，hisparents’company，called“FutureTours”，...Worriedaboutthejourney，Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Hitbyalackoffreshair，myheadached.Exhausted，Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.背景知识链接Hollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶的)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awellknownmathematicianNorbertWiener，whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics(控制论)，putitthisway:“Ifweuse，toachieveourpurposes，amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预)，wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality，onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine，thisqualityisnotinborn，norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee，itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful，then，wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined，superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown，withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall，usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately，thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans，letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand，asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933，famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated，withconfidence，“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However，onSeptember12,1933，physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutroninduced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction.文章大意：本文主要介绍了人工智能有可能摆脱人的控制，人工智能的安全问题有可能得到解决，但困难重重。1．Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay______.A．runoutofhumancontrolB．satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC．commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD．workfasterthanamathematician解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.”可知，人工智能可能会变得非常擅长完成目标，而这些目标可能不是人们真正想要的，所以人工智能有可能摆脱人的控制。A2．Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto______.A．preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedB．achievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC．doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD．beathumansininternationalchessmatches解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality，onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings：awishtopreserveitsownexistence.”可知，智能机器可能会为保护自己的存在而阻止自己被摧毁。A3．Accordingtosomeresearchers，wecanusefirewallsto______.A．helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB．besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC．keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD．avoidrobots’affectingtheworld解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall，usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.”可知，有些研究者认为可用防火墙防止机器人影响世界。D4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines？______A．ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B．Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C．Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D．Itwillstayforadecade.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Solving