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Module6AnimalsinDanSectionⅢGrammar复习定语从句语境自主领悟先观察原句1.OnafreezingcolddayinJanuary1994，JiesangSuonandajiefoundwhathewaslookingfor—agroupofpoacherswhowerekillingtheendangeredTibetanantelope.2.InthebattlewhichfollowedJiesangwasshotandkilled.3.Oftenworkingatnight，thepoachersshootwholeherdsofantelopesatatime，leavingonlythebabies，whosewoolisnotworthsomuch.4.TheanimalsareskinnedonthespotandthewooltakentoIndia，whereitismadeintotheshawls.5.Sometimesthereweregunfights，liketheoneinwhichJiesangSuonandajiewaskilled.语境自主领悟后自主感悟1.句1，句2和句5为性定语从句，关系词分别在句中作、______和。2.句3和句4为性定语从句，关系词分别在句中作和________。3.句2中的关系词which可以用代替。4.句4中的关系词为where，如果用which代替可用。限制主语主语宾语非限制定语状语thatinwhich语法精要点拨一、引导定语从句的关系词1．引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法关系词指代对象在从句中所作成分who指人主、宾、表whom指人宾which指物主、宾、表that既指人又指物主、宾、表whose既指人又指物定关系代词as既指人又指物主、宾、表when指时间时间状语where指地点地点状语关系副词why指原因原因状语Sheisthegirlwholivesnextdoor.她就是住在隔壁的女孩。She'sthestudentwhosehandwritingisthebestinmyclass.她就是我的班里书法最好的学生。Asisknowntousall，Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。IstillrememberthedayswhenwestayedinEngland.我仍然记得我们在英国的那些日子。[名师点津]当先行词是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等表示抽象意义的名词时用关系副词where引导定语从句。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatefromeachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。2．定语从句中关系词的选用方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年待过的山村。方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词(where作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语)。3．that和which引导的定语从句的区别先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，theone等不定代词时先行词被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等词修饰或被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast等限定词修饰时用that不用which的情况先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或先行词被其修饰时先行词既指人又指物时用that不用which的情况主句是who或which等引导的特殊疑问句时在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that用which不用that的情况介词后边用which不用thatWeshoulddoeverythingthatisusefultothepeople.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。Thisisthesmallestcomputerthatcanbefoundintheworldnow.这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。[即时训练1]单句语法填空①Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.②Doyouknowthereasonhewasabsentyesterday?③isoftenthecasewithchildren，Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.④Weliveinanagemoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.5.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonstheyaretalkingabout?whowhyAswhenthat二、“介词＋关系代词”的用法1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。(1)根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那个穷人没房子住。(2)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。Idon'tknowthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool.我不知道他为何上学迟到。(3)根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom，不用that。I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。DoyouknowthemanwithwhomMr.Blacktalkedjustnow?你认识刚和布莱克先生谈话的那个人吗？3．关系副词where，when，why可替换成“介词＋which”，介词取决于先行词及介词＋which在从句中的作用。why只可替换forwhich。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.＝ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。4．“不定代词或数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体中的部分。Lastweek，onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，neitherofwhomwantedtobuyit.上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。5．“the＋名词＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋名词”；可替换“whose＋名词”，引导定语从句。Thehousethewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows/whosewindowsweredamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。[即时训练2]用“介词＋关系代词”合并句子①Hewrotealetter.Intheletterheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.→Hewrotealetterheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.②Ourcompanyhas2,000workers.Twothirdsofthemarewomen.→Ourcompanyhas2,000workers，___________________________________arewomen.twothirdsofwhom/ofwhominwhichtwothirds③Winteristhetimeofyear.Duringthistimethedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.→Winteristhetimeofyear，thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.duringwhich三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切(删除后影响整个句子意义的表达)和先行词关系不密切(起补充说明的作用，删掉后不影响整个句子意思的表达)不用逗号隔开一般用逗号隔开可用that、which/who引导不可以用that引导，只能用which/whom只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰主句或主句的一部分Heisthemanwhocametoseeyouyesterday.他是昨天来看你的那个人。Thesportsmeetingwasputoff，whichastonishedus.运动会推迟了，这让我们很吃惊。1．as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别as引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事。位置较灵活，既可置于所修饰的句子前面，也可插在句子中或放在句子后，一般译为“正如，就像”。which引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事，也可修饰先行词。定语从句只置于所修饰的句子后。Asweallknow，smokingisharmfultohealth.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。Hefinishedthetaskaheadoftime，whichisveryimportanttous.他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。2．非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用逗号分开，并且不能加入and，but，so等连接词。并列句一般由and，but，or等词连接。Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows，mostofwhichhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.＝Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows，andmostofthemhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.＝Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows.Mostofthemhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.[即时训练3]单句语法填空①Peter，youmetinLondon，isnowbackinParis.②The12yearoldboywonthegoldmedal，cameasasurprisetomanypeople.③Istayinadormitorywiththreeothergirls，allofarekindandnice.④isreportedinthenewspaper，talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.whomwhichwhomAs语法应用落实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Afootballfanisapersonhasastronginterestinfootball.2．Canyoulendmethenovelyoureadtheotherday?3．Ihaveboughtthesamedresssheisw